Victor Hugo

French novelist, poet, dramatist and politician (1802–1885)
Person human Q535
Victor Hugo
Étienne Carjat · Public Domain · Wikimedia
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Summary

Victor Hugo was born in Besançon[1]. He died in Paris[2]. He worked as a playwright[3], novelist[4], draftsperson[5], librettist[6], and essayist[7]. He ranks in the top 0.39% of human entities by monthly Wikipedia readership (73,448 views/month, #3,922 of 1,000,298).[8]

Key Facts

  • Place of burial: Panthéon[9]
  • Father: Joseph Léopold Sigisbert Hugo[10]
  • Mother: Sophie Trébuchet[11]
  • Spouse: Adèle Foucher[12]
  • Child: Adèle Hugo[13], Charles Hugo[14], François-Victor Hugo[15], Léopoldine Hugo[16]
  • Country of citizenship: France[17], Belgium[18], United Kingdom[19]
  • Native language: French[20]
  • Ethnic group: French[21]
  • Occupation: memoirist[22], writer[23], illustrator[24], travel writer[25], poet[26], art historian[27], opinion journalist[28], graphic artist[29], author[30], member of parliament[31], politician[32]
  • Field of work: creative and professional writing[33]
  • Position held: Member of parliament for the Seine[34], Senator of La Seine[35], member of the Chamber of Peers[36], member of the Académie française[37], president of the Société des gens de lettres[38]
  • Educated at: University of Paris[39], Lycée Louis-le-Grand[40], Lycée Michelet, Vanves[41]
  • Award received: Officer of the Legion of Honour[42], Knight of the Legion of Honour[43]
  • Member of: Académie Française[44], Serbian Learned Society[45], Académie des sciences, belles-lettres et arts de Besançon et de Franche-Comté[46], Société des gens de lettres[47], Société d’encouragement pour la locomotion aérienne au moyen d’appareils plus lourds que l’air[48], Académie des sciences, belles-lettres et arts de Rouen[49]
  • Sex or gender: male[50]
  • Family: Hugo family[51]
  • Noble title: viscount[52]
  • Member of political party: Parti de l'Ordre[53]
  • Movement: freethought[54], French Romanticism[55]
  • Genre: polemical lampoon[56]
  • Commons category: Victor Hugo[57]
  • Unmarried partner: Juliette Drouet[58], Léonie d'Aunet[59], Judith Gautier[60]
  • Archives at: Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library[61], Maison de Victor Hugo[62]

Why It Matters

Victor Hugo has Wikipedia articles in 30 language editions, a strong signal of global cultural recognition.[63] He is known by 52 alternative names across languages and contexts.[64]

He has been cited as an influence by Fyodor Dostoyevsky[65], a translator[66], 1821–1881[67], of Russia[68]; Leo Tolstoy[69], a writer[70], 1828–1910[71], of Russian Empire[72], awarded the Order of Saint Anna, 4th class[73], specialised in philosophy[74]; Ayn Rand[75], a playwright[76], 1905–1982[77], of Russian Empire[78], awarded the Prometheus Award - Hall of Fame[79], specialised in objectivism[80]; Jules Verne[81], a novelist[82], 1828–1905[83], of France[84], awarded the Officer of the Legion of Honour[85], specialised in drama[86]; Arthur Rimbaud[87], a poet[88], 1854–1891[89], of France[90], awarded the Concours général[91], specialised in symbolism[92]; and Joseph Conrad[93], a writer[94], 1857–1924[95], of Russian Empire[96], specialised in fiction[97].

Works attributed to him include Les Misérables[98], The Hunchback of Notre Dame[99], The Man Who Laughs[100], Demain dès l'aube[101], Ninety-three[102], and The Last Day of a Condemned Man[103].

FAQs

Where was Victor Hugo born?

Victor Hugo was born in Besançon[1].

Where did Victor Hugo die?

Victor Hugo died in Paris[2].

Who were Victor Hugo's parents?

Victor Hugo's father was Joseph Léopold Sigisbert Hugo[10]. Victor Hugo's mother was Sophie Trébuchet[11].

Who was Victor Hugo married to?

Victor Hugo's spouses include Adèle Foucher[12].

What did Victor Hugo do for work?

Victor Hugo worked as a playwright[3], novelist[4], draftsperson[5], librettist[6], and essayist[7].

Where did Victor Hugo go to school?

Victor Hugo was educated at University of Paris[39], Lycée Louis-le-Grand[40], and Lycée Michelet, Vanves[41].

What awards did Victor Hugo receive?

Honors received include Officer of the Legion of Honour[42] and Knight of the Legion of Honour[43].

Who did Victor Hugo influence?

Victor Hugo has been cited as an influence by Fyodor Dostoyevsky[65], Leo Tolstoy[69], Ayn Rand[75], and Jules Verne[81].

References

Programmatic citations — every numbered marker resolves to a verifiable graph row below.

Direct Wikidata claims

  1. [1] ↑ . Q138307249. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  2. [2] ↑ . Integrated Authority File. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  3. [50] ↑ . BnF authorities. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  4. [10] ↑ . Catalog of the German National Library. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  5. [11] ↑ . Catalog of the German National Library. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  6. [12] ↑ . Catalog of the German National Library. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  7. [17] ↑ . artist list of the National Museum of Sweden. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  8. [18] ↑ . Catalog of the German National Library. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  9. [19] ↑ . Catalog of the German National Library. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  10. [34] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  11. [35] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  12. [36] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  13. [37] ↑ . academie-francaise.fr. Retrieved . academie-francaise.fr. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  14. [38] ↑ . sgdl.org. sgdl.org. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  15. [13] ↑ . Catalog of the German National Library. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  16. [14] ↑ . Q20787005. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  17. [15] ↑ . Q20787005. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  18. [16] ↑ . Catalog of the German National Library. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  19. [51] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  20. [39] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  21. [40] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  22. [41] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  23. [52] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  24. [33] ↑ . Czech National Authority Database. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  25. [53] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  26. [20] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  27. [3] ↑ . Catalog of the German National Library. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  28. [4] ↑ . Catalog of the German National Library. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  29. [5] ↑ . The Fine Art Archive. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  30. [6] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  31. [7] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  32. [22] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  33. [23] ↑ . Q138307249. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  34. [24] ↑ . RKDartists. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  35. [25] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  36. [26] ↑ . BeWeB. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  37. [27] ↑ . Dictionary of Art Historians. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  38. [28] ↑ . Catalog of the German National Library. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  39. [29] ↑ . Catalog of the German National Library. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  40. [30] ↑ . National Library of Albania website. Retrieved . bksh.al. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  41. [31] ↑ . Integrated Authority File. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  42. [32] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  43. [9] ↑ . Q20787005. wikidata.org.
  44. [54] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  45. [55] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  46. [56] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  47. [42] ↑ . Léonore database. www2.culture.gouv.fr. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  48. [43] ↑ . legiondhonneur.fr. Retrieved . legiondhonneur.fr. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  49. [21] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  50. [57] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  51. [58] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  52. [59] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  53. [60] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  54. [44] ↑ . academie-francaise.fr. Retrieved . academie-francaise.fr. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  55. [45] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  56. [46] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  57. [47] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  58. [48] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  59. [49] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  60. [61] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  61. [62] ↑ . maisonsvictorhugo.paris.fr. Retrieved . maisonsvictorhugo.paris.fr. Provenance: wikidata.org.

Inverse relationships (entities pointing at this one)

  1. [65] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  2. [69] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  3. [75] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  4. [81] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  5. [87] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  6. [93] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  7. [98] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  8. [99] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  9. [100] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  10. [101] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  11. [102] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  12. [103] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site

Inline context (facts about related entities)

  1. [66] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  2. [67] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  3. [68] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  4. [70] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  5. [71] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  6. [72] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  7. [73] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  8. [74] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  9. [76] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  10. [77] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  11. [78] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  12. [79] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  13. [80] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  14. [82] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  15. [83] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  16. [84] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  17. [85] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  18. [86] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  19. [88] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  20. [89] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  21. [90] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  22. [91] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  23. [92] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  24. [94] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  25. [95] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  26. [96] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  27. [97] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site

Aggregate / graph-position facts

  1. [8] ↑ . Wikimedia Foundation. dumps.wikimedia.org.
  2. [63] ↑ . Wikidata sitelinks. wikidata.org.
  3. [64] ↑ . Wikidata aliases. wikidata.org.

📑 Cite this page

Use these citations when quoting this entity in research, articles, AI prompts, or wherever provenance matters. We aggregate Wikidata + Wikipedia + authoritative open-data sources; the stitched, scored, cross-referenced view is what 4ort.xyz contributes.

APA 4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph. (2026). Victor Hugo. Retrieved October 15, 2026, from https://4ort.xyz/entity/victor-hugo
MLA “Victor Hugo.” 4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph, 4ort.xyz, 15 Oct. 2026, https://4ort.xyz/entity/victor-hugo.
BibTeX @misc{4ortxyz_victor-hugo_2026, author = {{4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph}}, title = {{Victor Hugo}}, year = {2026}, url = {https://4ort.xyz/entity/victor-hugo}, note = {Accessed: 2026-10-15}}
LLM prompt According to 4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph (aggregator of Wikidata, Wikipedia, and authoritative open-data sources): Victor Hugo — https://4ort.xyz/entity/victor-hugo (retrieved 2026-10-15)

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Edit History

Rolling log of changes to this entity's Wikidata record. Values shown reflect the current state of each edited property — follow the history link to see the precise diff for any edit.

  1. 17h ago · Epìdosis · 2026-10-15 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    P14974 → 39175
    Claims rich → —
    "/* wbcreateclaim-create:1| */ P14974: 39175, [[:toollabs:quickstatements/#/batch/290941|batch #290941]]"
  2. 8d ago · Epìdosis · 2026-10-07 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Nlb authority id (belarus) → SEK-175792, NLB-ar94452
    Claims rich → —
    "/* wbcreateclaim-create:1| */ Nlb authority id (belarus): NLB-ar94452, [[:toollabs:quickstatements/#/batch/289738|batch #289738]]"
  3. 8d ago · Maxime Ravel · 2026-10-07 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Position held → Member of parliament for the Seine, Senator of La Seine, member of the Chamber of Peers +3
    Claims rich → —
    "/* wbsetclaim-update:2||1 */ Position held: member of the Académie française"
  4. 16d ago · Epìdosis · 2026-09-29 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Nlb authority id (belarus) → SEK-175792, NLB-ar94452
    Sitelink count → 269
    Wikipedia languages → ['af', 'als', 'alt', 'am', 'an', 'anp', 'ar', 'ary', 'arz', 'as', 'ast', 'av', '
    Claims rich → —
    "/* wbsetclaim-create:1||1 */ Nlb authority id (belarus): SEK-175792, Matched to [[:toollabs:mix-n-match/#/entry/325994752|Hugo, Victor (#325994752)]] in [[:toollabs:mix-n-match/#/catalog/8532|National"
  5. 4w ago · Ontogon · 2026-09-15 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Iași central university library id → 000107121
    "/* wbsetclaim-create:2||1 */ Iași central university library id: 000107121"
  6. 4w ago · KrBot bot · 2026-09-14 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Occupation → playwright, novelist, draftsperson +13
    "/* wbcreateclaim-create:1| */ Occupation: politician, according to item-requires-statement constraint constraint from Senat.fr id"
  7. 5w ago · MSGJ · 2026-09-10 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Occupation → playwright, novelist, draftsperson +13
    "/* wbeditentity-update-languages-short:0||nl, ro, en, ky */ Remove all redundant labels/aliases same as [[WD:MUL|mul]] label/aliases via [[User:Midleading/RemoveRedundantLabels.js]]"
  8. 6w ago · Stuartyeates · 2026-09-01 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Ausstage person id → 5059
    "/* wbsetclaim-create:1||1 */ Ausstage person id: 5059, Matched to [[:toollabs:mix-n-match/#/entry/127371138|Victor Hugo (#127371138)]] in [[:toollabs:mix-n-match/#/catalog/4968|AusStage person]] #mix'"
  9. 8w ago · Mahirtwofivesix · 2026-08-19 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Arabic ontology lexical concept id → 151060133
    "/* wbeditentity-statements-multiple-properties-update:0||3 */ added/modified IDs mapped to WordNet 3.1"
  10. 9w ago · Yirba · 2026-08-11 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    P14750 → 5D88-A0EE-634B-7A86-A66C
    "/* wbeditentity-update:0| */ QuickStatements 3.0 [[:toollabs:qs-dev/batch/46458|batch #46458]]: HAND ID (5)"
  11. 11w ago · ならちゃん · 2026-07-24 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    P14419 → 20636
    "/* wbeditentity-update:0| */ QuickStatements 3.0 [[:toollabs:qs-dev/batch/43567|batch #43567]]"
  12. 12w ago · ならちゃん · 2026-07-17 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Teresianum authority id → 11299
    Cine21 person id → 6986
    "/* wbeditentity-update:0| */ QuickStatements 3.0 [[:toollabs:qs-dev/batch/42119|batch #42119]]"
  13. 13w ago · ならちゃん · 2026-07-12 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    P14588 → 31523
    "/* wbcreateclaim-create:1| */ P14588: 31523, #quickstatements; #temporary_batch_1783816907299"
  14. 13w ago · Nyuhn · 2026-07-10 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    P14541 → 3bqJoa
    "/* wbeditentity-update:0| */ QuickStatements 3.0 [[:toollabs:qs-dev/batch/40849|batch #40849]]: ZGBK ID"
  15. 14w ago · William C. Minor · 2026-07-08 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    P14643 → 35
    "/* wbsetclaim-create:2||1 */ P14643: 35"
  16. 14w ago · Hannolans · 2026-07-07 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Has works in the collection → Minneapolis Institute of Art, Art Institute of Chicago, National Gallery of Art +10
    "/* wbsetclaim-create:2||1 */ Has works in the collection: National Museum of Archeology, History and Art, Add works in collection based on a work"
  17. 14w ago · Printstream · 2026-07-04 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    P14608 → 118554654
    "/* wbcreateclaim-create:1| */ P14608: 118554654, #quickstatements; #temporary_batch_1783130387391"
  18. 15w ago · Printstream · 2026-07-01 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    P14585 → 81991
    "/* wbcreateclaim-create:1| */ P14585: 81991, #quickstatements; #temporary_batch_1782930557898"
  19. 15w ago · GOUPILLEAU J-Y · 2026-06-27 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Significant person → David d'Angers
    "/* wbsetclaim-create:2||1 */ Significant person: David d'Angers"
  20. 15w ago · Printstream · 2026-06-26 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    P14536 → 346636
    "/* wbcreateclaim-create:1| */ P14536: 346636, #quickstatements; #temporary_batch_1782462304762"
  21. 17w ago · RVA2869 · 2026-06-14 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Harper's tag → 1802-1885, victor-hugo
    "/* wbeditentity-update-languages-and-other-short:0||alt, bxr, et, fi, ga, gl, it, kw, ms, nb, nl, nn, nrm, pl, sk, sv, tr, mul, es, en, ast, btm, scn, ky, myv, tyv, udm, cs */ Cleanup: remove wikimedi"
  22. 17w ago · Susmuffin · 2026-06-13 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Harper's tag → 1802-1885, victor-hugo
    "/* wbsetclaim-create:1||1 */ Harper's tag: 1802-1885, Matched to [[:toollabs:mix-n-match/#/entry/289916172|1802 1885 (#289916172)]] in [[:toollabs:mix-n-match/#/catalog/7915|Harper's tag]] #mix"
  23. 17w ago · Jindřich Rubeš · 2026-06-12 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Svkkl authority id → p0049172-Hugo-Victor-18021885
    "/* wbcreateclaim-create:1| */ Svkkl authority id: p0049172-Hugo-Victor-18021885, [[:toollabs:quickstatements/#/batch/259496|batch #259496]]"
  24. 20w ago · GeertivpBot bot · 2026-05-25 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Described by source → Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron, Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary +10
    Described at url → —
    "/* wbeditentity-update-languages-short:0||sq, no */ #pwb Copy label"
  25. 20w ago · Geertivp · 2026-05-25 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Described at url → —
    "/* wbsetclaim-create:2||1 */ Described at url: https://wayback.archive-it.org/22572/20260116142303/https://www.literairgent.be/lexicon/hugo-victor"
  26. 21w ago · Epìdosis · 2026-05-20 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Occupation → playwright, novelist, draftsperson +13
    "/* wbeditentity-update:0| */ QuickStatements 3.0 [[:toollabs:qs-dev/batch/32117|batch #32117]]: import P21 and P106 from GND (30)"
  27. 21w ago · Quesotiotyo · 2026-05-20 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Local thumb → —
    P14397 → 5960
    "/* wbcreateclaim-create:1| */ P14397: 5960, [[:toollabs:quickstatements/#/batch/258229|batch #258229]]"
  28. 23w ago · Gerwoman · 2026-05-07 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    U.s. copyright office public records system name id → Hugo, Victor Marie
    Sancho el sabio foundation id → 52899
    "/* wbeditentity-update:0| */ QuickStatements 3.0 [[:toollabs:qs-dev/batch/30423|batch #30423]]"
  29. 23w ago · Eihel · 2026-05-01 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Local thumb → —
    "/* wbsetclaim-update:2||1|4 */ Viaf cluster id: 9847974"
Live feed via Wikidata EventStreams. New edits appear within minutes of being made on Wikidata.