Turkmenistan
country in Central Asia
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World Factbook
CIA reference data · 4 sections
Geography
Location
Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan
Climate
subtropical desert
Terrain
flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west
Natural resources
petroleum, natural gas, sulfur, salt
People & Society
Religions
Muslim 93%, Christian 6.4%, Buddhist <1%, folk religion <1%, Jewish <1%, other <1%, unspecified <1% (2020 est.)
Government
Government type
presidential republic; authoritarian
Independence
27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
National holiday
Independence Day, 27 October (1991)
Legal system
civil law system with Islamic (sharia) law influences
Economy
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$134.555 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita
$18,000 (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
2.3% (2024 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
11.5% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate
4.4% (2024 est.)
Exports - partners
China 63%, Turkey 11%, Greece 7%, Uzbekistan 6%, Azerbaijan 4% (2023)
Imports - partners
Turkey 21%, UAE 21%, China 20%, Kazakhstan 8%, Germany 5% (2023)
Source: CIA World Factbook · public domain (US gov work, 17 USC §105) · fetched 2026-05-06
Summary
Turkmenistan is a sovereign state[1]. Turkmenistan draws 85,020 Wikipedia views per month (sovereign state category, ranking #34 of 197).[2]
Key Facts
- Member of: United Nations[3], Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe[4], Organisation of Islamic Cooperation[5], International Bank for Reconstruction and Development[6], International Finance Corporation[7], Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency[8], International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes[9], Asian Development Bank[10], Interpol[11], Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons[12], UNESCO[13], Universal Postal Union UPU[14], International Telecommunication Union[15], World Meteorological Organization[16]
- Country: Turkmenistan[17]
- Head of government: Serdar Berdimuhamedow[18]
- Continent: Asia[19]
- Instance of: landlocked country[20], country[21]
- Head of state: Serdar Berdimuhamedow[22]
- Capital: Ashgabat[23]
- Official language: Turkmen[24]
- Currency: Turkmenistan new manat[25]
- Shares border with: Kazakhstan[26], Uzbekistan[27], Afghanistan[28], Iran[29]
- Top-level Internet domain: .tm[30]
- Anthem: National anthem of Turkmenistan[31]
- Basic form of government: republic[32], presidential system[33]
- Contains the administrative territorial entity: Ashgabat[34], Ahal Region[35], Balkan Province[36], Daşoguz Region[37], Lebap Region[38], Mary Region[39]
- Flag: flag of Turkmenistan[40]
- Legislative body: Assembly of Turkmenistan[41], National Council of Turkmenistan[42]
- Coat of arms: emblem of Turkmenistan[43]
- Commons category: Turkmenistan[44]
- Licence plate code: TM[45]
- Located in time zone: UTC+05:00[46], Asia/Ashgabat[47]
- Foundational text: Constitution of Turkmenistan[48]
- Telephone country code: +993[49]
- Unicode character: 🇹🇲[50]
- Diplomatic relation: Saudi Arabia[51]
Why It Matters
Turkmenistan has Wikipedia articles in 30 language editions, a strong signal of global cultural recognition.[52] Turkmenistan is known by 48 alternative names across languages and contexts.[53]