Colombia
country in South America
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World Factbook
CIA reference data · 4 sections
Geography
Location
Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama
Climate
tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands
Terrain
flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains (Llanos)
Natural resources
petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds, hydropower
People & Society
Religions
Roman Catholic 63.6%, Protestant 17.2% (Evangelical 16.7%, Adventist 0.3%, other Protestant 0.2%), Jehovah's Witness 0.6%, Church of Jesus Christ 0.1%, other 0.3%, believer, 0.2%. agnostic 1%, atheist 1%, none 14.2%, unspecified 1.8% (2023 est.)
Government
Government type
presidential republic
Independence
20 July 1810 (from Spain)
National holiday
Independence Day, 20 July (1810)
Legal system
civil law system influenced by the Spanish and French civil codes
Economy
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$978.592 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita
$18,500 (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
1.7% (2024 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
6.6% (2024 est.)
Unemployment rate
9.7% (2024 est.)
Exports - partners
USA 27%, Panama 9%, India 5%, China 5%, Netherlands 4% (2023)
Imports - partners
USA 26%, China 22%, Brazil 6%, Mexico 5%, Germany 4% (2023)
Source: CIA World Factbook · public domain (US gov work, 17 USC §105) · fetched 2026-05-06
Summary
Colombia is a sovereign state[1]. Colombia draws 137,544 Wikipedia views per month (sovereign state category, ranking #66 of 197).[2]
Key Facts
- Ethnic group: Mestizo Colombian[3], White Colombians[4], Afro-Colombians[5], indigenous peoples in Colombia[6]
- Award received: The Economist country of the year[7]
- Country: Colombia[8]
- Head of government: Gustavo Petro[9], Abelardo de la Espriella[10]
- Continent: South America[11]
- Instance of: republic[12], secular state[13], country[14], country sometimes considered transcontinental[15]
- Head of state: Gustavo Petro[16], Abelardo de la Espriella[17]
- Capital: Bogotá[18]
- Official language: Spanish[19]
- Currency: Colombian peso[20]
- Shares border with: Ecuador[21], Panama[22], Peru[23], Venezuela[24], Brazil[25], Nicaragua[26]
- Top-level Internet domain: .co[27]
- Anthem: National Anthem of Colombia[28]
- Basic form of government: republic[29]
- Named after: Christopher Columbus[30]
- Contains the administrative territorial entity: Amazonas Department[31], Antioquia[32], Arauca Department[33], Atlántico Department[34], Bolívar Department[35], Boyacá Department[36], Caldas Department[37], Caquetá Department[38], Casanare Department[39], Cauca Department[40], Cesar Department[41], Chocó Department[42], Córdoba Department[43], Cundinamarca Department[44]
- Flag: flag of Colombia[45]
- Legislative body: Congress of Colombia[46]
- Executive body: Government of Colombia[47]
- Coat of arms: Coat of arms of Colombia[48]
Body
Cultural Significance
Things named for Colombia include Colombians[49], a human population[50] and CIVETS[51], an acronym[52].
Why It Matters
Colombia has Wikipedia articles in 30 language editions, a strong signal of global cultural recognition.[53] Colombia is known by 50 alternative names across languages and contexts.[54]
Entities named for Colombia include Colombians[49], a human population[50] and CIVETS[51], an acronym[52].
FAQs
What awards did Colombia receive?
Honors received include The Economist country of the year[7].