Mongolia
country in East Asia
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World Factbook
CIA reference data · 4 sections
Geography
Location
Northern Asia, between China and Russia
Climate
desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)
Terrain
vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central
Natural resources
oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron
People & Society
Religions
Buddhist 51.8%, no religion 40.6%, Muslim 3.2%, Shaman 2.5%, Christian 1.3%, Other 0.6% (2020 est.)
Government
Government type
semi-presidential republic
Independence
29 December 1911 (independence declared from China; in actuality, autonomy attained); 11 July 1921 (from China)
National holiday
Naadam (games) holiday, 11-15 July; Constitution Day, 26 November (1924)
Legal system
civil law system influenced by Soviet and Romano-Germanic systems; constitution ambiguous on judicial review of legislative acts
Economy
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$59.221 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita
$16,800 (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
4.9% (2024 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
6.8% (2024 est.)
Unemployment rate
5.5% (2024 est.)
Exports - partners
China 92%, Switzerland 6%, Italy 1%, Thailand 0%, Japan 0% (2023)
Imports - partners
China 57%, Japan 13%, Germany 3%, Singapore 3%, USA 3% (2023)
Source: CIA World Factbook · public domain (US gov work, 17 USC §105) · fetched 2026-05-06
Mongolia
Summary
Mongolia is a sovereign state[1]. Mongolia has Wikipedia articles in 30 language editions, a strong signal of global cultural recognition.[2]
Key Facts
- Mongolia was a member of United Nations[3].
- Mongolia was a member of World Trade Organization[4].
- Mongolia was a member of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe[5].
- Mongolia was a member of International Bank for Reconstruction and Development[6].
- Mongolia was a member of International Development Association[7].
- Mongolia was a member of International Finance Corporation[8].
- Mongolia is in the country of Mongolia[9].
- Mongolia's head of government is recorded as Gombojavyn Zandanshatar[10].
- Mongolia's head of government is recorded as Uchral Nyam-Osor[11].
- Mongolia is on the continent of Asia[12].
- Mongolia's instance of is recorded as sovereign state[13].
- Mongolia's instance of is recorded as landlocked country[14].
- Mongolia's instance of is recorded as country[15].
- Mongolia's head of state is recorded as Khurelsukh Ukhnaa[16].
- Mongolia's capital is recorded as Ulaanbaatar[17].
- Mongolia's official language is recorded as Mongolian[18].
- Mongolia's currency is recorded as Mongolian tögrög[19].
- Mongolia's shares border with is recorded as People's Republic of China[20].
- Mongolia's shares border with is recorded as Russia[21].
- Mongolia's top-level Internet domain is recorded as .mn[22].
- Mongolia's anthem is recorded as National anthem of Mongolia[23].
- Mongolia's basic form of government is recorded as parliamentary system[24].
- Mongols is named after Mongolia[25].
- Mongolia's contains the administrative territorial entity is recorded as Ulaanbaatar[26].
- Mongolia's contains the administrative territorial entity is recorded as Arkhangai Province[27].
Body
Geography
Mongolia is in the country of Mongolia[9]. Mongolia is on the continent of Asia[12].
Designation and Status
Recorded instance of include sovereign state[13], landlocked country[14], and country[15].
History and Context
Mongols is named after Mongolia[25].
Why It Matters
Mongolia has Wikipedia articles in 30 language editions, a strong signal of global cultural recognition.[2] Mongolia is known by 25 alternative names across languages and contexts.[28]