Papua New Guinea
country in Oceania
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World Factbook
CIA reference data · 4 sections
Geography
Location
Oceania, group of islands including the eastern half of the island of New Guinea between the Coral Sea and the South Pacific Ocean, east of Indonesia
Climate
tropical; northwest monsoon (December to March), southeast monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal temperature variation
Terrain
mostly mountains with coastal lowlands and rolling foothills
Natural resources
gold, copper, silver, natural gas, timber, oil, fisheries
People & Society
Languages
Tok Pisin (official), English (official), Hiri Motu (official), some 839 living indigenous languages are spoken (about 12% of the world's total)
Religions
Protestant 64.3% (Evangelical Lutheran 18.4%, Seventh Day Adventist 12.9%, Pentecostal 10.4%, United Church 10.3%, Evangelical Alliance 5.9%, Anglican 3.2%, Baptist 2.8%, Salvation Army 0.4%), Roman Catholic 26%, other Christian 5.3%, non-Christian 1.4%, unspecified 3.1% (2011 est.)
Government
Government type
parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
Independence
16 September 1975 (from the Australia-administered UN trusteeship)
National holiday
Independence Day, 16 September (1975)
Legal system
mixed system of English common law and customary law
Economy
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$45.487 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita
$4,300 (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
4.1% (2024 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
0.6% (2024 est.)
Unemployment rate
2.8% (2024 est.)
Exports - partners
China 28%, Japan 25%, Australia 17%, Taiwan 8%, India 4% (2023)
Imports - partners
Australia 27%, China 24%, Singapore 15%, Malaysia 9%, Japan 4% (2023)
Source: CIA World Factbook · public domain (US gov work, 17 USC §105) · fetched 2026-05-06
Papua New Guinea
Summary
Papua New Guinea is a Commonwealth realm[1]. It has Wikipedia articles in 30 language editions, a strong signal of global cultural recognition.[2]
Key Facts
- Papua New Guinea is identified as part of the Melanesians ethnic group[3].
- Papua New Guinea is identified as part of the Papuan people ethnic group[4].
- Papua New Guinea is identified as part of the Negrito ethnic group[5].
- Papua New Guinea is identified as part of the Micronesians ethnic group[6].
- Papua New Guinea is identified as part of the Polynesians ethnic group[7].
- Papua New Guinea is in the country of Papua New Guinea[8].
- Papua New Guinea's head of government is recorded as James Marape[9].
- Papua New Guinea is on the continent of Insular Oceania[10].
- Papua New Guinea is on the continent of Oceania[11].
- Papua New Guinea's instance of is recorded as Commonwealth realm[12].
- Papua New Guinea's instance of is recorded as island country[13].
- Papua New Guinea's instance of is recorded as country[14].
- Papua New Guinea's instance of is recorded as sovereign state[15].
- Papua New Guinea's instance of is recorded as archipelagic state[16].
- Papua New Guinea's instance of is recorded as constitutional monarchy[17].
- Papua New Guinea's head of state is recorded as Charles III[18].
- Papua New Guinea's capital is recorded as Port Moresby[19].
- Papua New Guinea's official language is recorded as English[20].
- Papua New Guinea's official language is recorded as Tok Pisin[21].
- Papua New Guinea's official language is recorded as Hiri Motu[22].
- Papua New Guinea's official language is recorded as Papua New Guinean Sign Language[23].
- Papua New Guinea's currency is recorded as kina[24].
- Papua New Guinea's shares border with is recorded as Indonesia[25].
- Papua New Guinea's shares border with is recorded as Australia[26].
- Papua New Guinea's shares border with is recorded as Federated States of Micronesia[27].
Body
Geography
Papua New Guinea is in the country of it[8]. Continents include Insular Oceania[10] and Oceania[11]. Part of include Oceania[28], a region[29] and Melanesia[30], a region[31], in Fiji[32].
Designation and Status
Recorded instance of include Commonwealth realm[12], island country[13], country[14], sovereign state[15], archipelagic state[16], and constitutional monarchy[17].
Why It Matters
Papua New Guinea has Wikipedia articles in 30 language editions, a strong signal of global cultural recognition.[2] It is known by 50 alternative names across languages and contexts.[33]