Dennis M. Ritchie

American computer scientist, co-inventor of the Unix operating system and the C programming language
Person human Q45575
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Summary

Dennis M. Ritchie was born on September 9, 1941[1], in Bronxville[2]. He died on October 12, 2011[3], in Berkeley Heights[4]. He worked as a computer scientist[5], programmer[6], writer[7], and mathematician[8]. He ranks in the top 0.65% of human entities by monthly Wikipedia readership (6,861 views/month, #6,466 of 1,000,298).[9]

Key Facts

  • Country of citizenship: United States[10]
  • Native language: English[11]
  • Field of work: computer science[12]
  • Employer: Bell Labs[13]
  • Educated at: Harvard University[14], Summit High School[15]
  • Doctoral advisor: Patrick C. Fischer[16]
  • Notable work: C[17], Unix[18], The C Programming Language[19], ALTRAN[20], B[21], BCPL[22], Multics[23], Plan 9[24]
  • Award received: Turing Award[25], National Medal of Technology and Innovation[26], Harold Pender Award[27], IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award[28], Computer History Museum Fellow[29], Computer Pioneer Award[30], ACM Software System Award[31], IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal[32], IRI Achievement Award[33], Japan Prize[34], National Inventors Hall of Fame[35]
  • Member of: National Academy of Engineering[36]
  • Sex or gender: male[37]
  • Commons category: Dennis Ritchie[38]
  • Cause of death: testicular cancer[39]
  • Family name: Ritchie[40]
  • Given name: Dennis[41]
  • Official website: http://cs.bell-labs.co/who/dmr/[42], https://9p.io/cm/cs/who/dmr/[43], https://www.bell-labs.com/usr/dmr/www/[44]
  • Topic's main category: Category:Dennis Ritchie[45]
  • Commons gallery: Dennis Ritchie[46]
  • Manner of death: natural causes[47]
  • Partner in business or sport: Ken Thompson[48]
  • Described by source: Communications of the ACM[49]
  • Languages spoken, written or signed: English[50]

Why It Matters

Dennis M. Ritchie has Wikipedia articles in 30 language editions, a strong signal of global cultural recognition.[51] He is known by 87 alternative names across languages and contexts.[52]

He has been cited as an influence by Roberto Ierusalimschy[53], a docent[54], b. 1960[55], of Brazil[56], specialised in computer science[57].

He is credited with the discovery of shebang[58], a sequence[59], founded in 1980[60]. Works attributed to him include The C Programming Language[61], a literary work[62], written by Brian Kernighan[63].

FAQs

Where was Dennis M. Ritchie born?

Dennis M. Ritchie's place of birth was Bronxville[2].

Where did Dennis M. Ritchie die?

Dennis M. Ritchie died in Berkeley Heights[4].

What did Dennis M. Ritchie do for work?

Dennis M. Ritchie worked as a computer scientist[5], programmer[6], writer[7], and mathematician[8].

Where did Dennis M. Ritchie go to school?

Dennis M. Ritchie was educated at Harvard University[14] and Summit High School[15].

What awards did Dennis M. Ritchie receive?

Honors received include Turing Award[25], National Medal of Technology and Innovation[26], Harold Pender Award[27], and IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award[28].

Who did Dennis M. Ritchie influence?

Dennis M. Ritchie has been cited as an influence by Roberto Ierusalimschy[53].

What did Dennis M. Ritchie discover?

Dennis M. Ritchie is credited as discoverer of shebang[58].

References

Programmatic citations — every numbered marker resolves to a verifiable graph row below.

Direct Wikidata claims

  1. [2] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  2. [4] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  3. [37] ↑ . Virtual International Authority File. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  4. [10] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  5. [14] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  6. [15] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  7. [12] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  8. [11] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  9. [5] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  10. [6] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  11. [7] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  12. [8] ↑ . Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  13. [13] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  14. [25] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  15. [26] ↑ . nationalmedals.org. nationalmedals.org. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  16. [27] ↑ . events.seas.upenn.edu. events.seas.upenn.edu. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  17. [28] ↑ . ieee.org. ieee.org. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  18. [29] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  19. [30] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  20. [31] ↑ . awards.acm.org. awards.acm.org. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  21. [32] ↑ . ieee.org. ieee.org. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  22. [33] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  23. [34] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  24. [35] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  25. [16] ↑ . Mathematics Genealogy Project. wikidata.org.
  26. [38] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  27. [36] ↑ . nae.edu. nae.edu. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  28. [39] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  29. [1] ↑ . Integrated Authority File. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  30. [3] ↑ . Integrated Authority File. Retrieved . nytimes.com. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  31. [40] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  32. [41] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  33. [17] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  34. [18] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  35. [19] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  36. [20] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  37. [21] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  38. [22] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  39. [23] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  40. [24] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  41. [42] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  42. [43] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  43. [44] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  44. [45] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  45. [46] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  46. [47] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  47. [48] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  48. [49] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  49. [50] ↑ . BnF authorities. Retrieved . wikidata.org.

Inverse relationships (entities pointing at this one)

  1. [53] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  2. [58] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  3. [61] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site

Inline context (facts about related entities)

  1. [54] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  2. [55] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  3. [56] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  4. [57] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  5. [59] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  6. [60] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  7. [62] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  8. [63] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site

Aggregate / graph-position facts

  1. [9] ↑ . Wikimedia Foundation. dumps.wikimedia.org.
  2. [51] ↑ . Wikidata sitelinks. wikidata.org.
  3. [52] ↑ . Wikidata aliases. wikidata.org.

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APA 4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph. (2026). Dennis M. Ritchie. Retrieved October 13, 2026, from https://4ort.xyz/entity/dennis-m-ritchie
MLA “Dennis M. Ritchie.” 4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph, 4ort.xyz, 13 Oct. 2026, https://4ort.xyz/entity/dennis-m-ritchie.
BibTeX @misc{4ortxyz_dennis-m-ritchie_2026, author = {{4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph}}, title = {{Dennis M. Ritchie}}, year = {2026}, url = {https://4ort.xyz/entity/dennis-m-ritchie}, note = {Accessed: 2026-10-13}}
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Edit History

Rolling log of changes to this entity's Wikidata record. Values shown reflect the current state of each edited property — follow the history link to see the precise diff for any edit.

  1. 17w ago · Jindřich Rubeš · 2026-06-11 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Svkkl authority id → p0067140-Ritchie-Dennis-M-19412011
    "/* wbcreateclaim-create:1| */ Svkkl authority id: p0067140-Ritchie-Dennis-M-19412011, [[:toollabs:quickstatements/#/batch/259496|batch #259496]]"
  2. 22w ago · MarisDreshmanisBot bot · 2026-05-12 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Commons category → Dennis Ritchie
    Open library id → OL3171923A
    Notable names database id → —
    Libraries australia id → —
    + 206 other properties edited (see Wikidata diff for full list)
    "/* wbeditentity-update-languages-short:0||vi, be, oc, mk, ckb, ml, simple, sq, cy, ast, eu, kk, la, ky, az, ms, zh-min-nan, gd, eo, gl, be-x-old, lmo, no */ Add 23 multilingual descriptions extracted "
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