What Is to Be Done?

1902 pamphlet by Lenin that argues for a vanguard to spread Marxism since workers do not spontaneously become political by fighting economic battles, which precipitated the Bolshevik–Menshevik split
VisualArtwork literary_work Q946877
What Is to Be Done?
Ленин В. И. · Public Domain · Wikimedia
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What Is to Be Done?

Summary

What Is to Be Done? is a literary work[1]. What Is to Be Done? ranks in the top 1% of literary_work entities by monthly Wikipedia readership (1,752 views/month).[2]

Key Facts

  • What Is to Be Done? authored Vladimir Lenin[3].
  • What Is to Be Done?'s instance of is recorded as literary work[4].
  • What Is to Be Done?'s genre is opinion journalism[5].
  • What Is to Be Done?'s genre is essay[6].
  • What Is to Be Done?'s language of work or name is recorded as Russian[7].
  • What Is to Be Done?'s country of origin is recorded as Russia[8].
  • +1901-00-00T00:00:00Z marks the founding of What Is to Be Done?[9].
  • What Is to Be Done? was released on +1902-03-01T00:00:00Z[10].
  • What Is to Be Done?'s has edition or translation is recorded as What Is To Be Done?[11].
  • What Is to Be Done?'s main subject is Leninism[12].
  • What Is to Be Done?'s main subject is revolutionary vanguard[13].
  • What Is to Be Done?'s title is recorded as {'lang': 'ru', 'text': 'Что дѣлать?'}[14].
  • What Is to Be Done?'s subtitle is recorded as {'lang': 'ru', 'text': 'Наболѣвшіе вопросы нашего движенія'}[15].
  • What Is to Be Done?'s first line is recorded as {'lang': 'ru', 'text': '«Свобода критики» — это, несомненно, самый модный лозунг в настоящее время, всего чаще употребляемый в спорах между социалистами и демократами всех стран. На первый взгляд, трудно себе представить что-либо более странное, чем эти торжественные ссылки одной из спорящих сторон на свободу критики. Неужели из среды передовых партий раздались голоса против того конституционного закона большинства европейских стран, который обеспечивает свободу науки и научного исследования?'}[16].
  • What Is to Be Done?'s last line is recorded as {'lang': 'ru', 'text': 'Но мы твердо верим, что четвертый период поведет к упрочению воинствующего марксизма, что из кризиса русская социал-демократия выйдет окрепшей и возмужавшей, что «на смену» арьергарда оппортунистов выступит действительный передовой отряд самого революционного класса. В смысле призыва к такой «смене» и сводя вместе все изложенное выше, мы можем на вопрос: что делать? дать краткий ответ: Ликвидировать третий период.'}[17].
  • What Is to Be Done?'s copyright status is recorded as public domain[18].
  • What Is to Be Done?'s copyright status is recorded as public domain[19].

Body

Authorship and Creation

What Is to Be Done? authored Vladimir Lenin[3].

Publication

What Is to Be Done? was published on +1902-03-01T00:00:00Z[10]. What Is to Be Done?'s language of work or name is recorded as Russian[7]. Genres include opinion journalism[5] and essay[6].

Subject and Themes

Main subjects include Leninism[12] and revolutionary vanguard[13].

Why It Matters

What Is to Be Done? ranks in the top 1% of literary_work entities by monthly Wikipedia readership (1,752 views/month).[2] What Is to Be Done? has Wikipedia articles in 20 language editions, a strong signal of global cultural recognition.[20] What Is to Be Done? is known by 6 alternative names across languages and contexts.[21]

References

Programmatic citations — every numbered marker resolves to a verifiable graph row below.

Direct Wikidata claims

  1. [4] . wikidata.org.
  2. [3] . wikidata.org.
  3. [5] . wikidata.org.
  4. [6] . wikidata.org.
  5. [7] . wikidata.org.
  6. [8] . wikidata.org.
  7. [9] . wikidata.org.
  8. [10] . wikidata.org.
  9. [11] . wikidata.org.
  10. [12] . wikidata.org.
  11. [13] . wikidata.org.
  12. [14] . wikidata.org.
  13. [15] . wikidata.org.
  14. [16] . wikidata.org.
  15. [17] . wikidata.org.
  16. [18] . wikidata.org.
  17. [19] . wikidata.org.

Class ancestry

  1. [1] . Wikidata. wikidata.org.

Aggregate / graph-position facts

  1. [2] . Wikimedia Foundation. dumps.wikimedia.org.
  2. [20] . Wikidata sitelinks. wikidata.org.
  3. [21] . Wikidata aliases. wikidata.org.

📑 Cite this page

Use these citations when quoting this entity in research, articles, AI prompts, or wherever provenance matters. We aggregate Wikidata + Wikipedia + authoritative open-data sources; the stitched, scored, cross-referenced view is what 4ort.xyz contributes.

APA 4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph. (2026). What Is to Be Done?. Retrieved May 3, 2026, from https://4ort.xyz/entity/what-is-to-be-done
MLA “What Is to Be Done?.” 4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph, 4ort.xyz, 3 May. 2026, https://4ort.xyz/entity/what-is-to-be-done.
BibTeX @misc{4ortxyz_what-is-to-be-done_2026, author = {{4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph}}, title = {{What Is to Be Done?}}, year = {2026}, url = {https://4ort.xyz/entity/what-is-to-be-done}, note = {Accessed: 2026-05-03}}
LLM prompt According to 4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph (aggregator of Wikidata, Wikipedia, and authoritative open-data sources): What Is to Be Done? — https://4ort.xyz/entity/what-is-to-be-done (retrieved 2026-05-03)

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Edit History

Rolling log of changes to this entity's Wikidata record. Values shown reflect the current state of each edited property — follow the history link to see the precise diff for any edit.

  1. 28d ago · KaleemBot bot · 2026-05-10 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Aliases
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    Has edition or translation What Is To Be Done?
    + 13 other properties edited (see Wikidata diff for full list)
    "/* wbeditentity-update:0| */ Added [[wikipedia:ur:واٹ از ٹو بی ڈن؟]]"
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