Milton Friedman

American economist and statistician (1912–2006)
Person human Q47426
Milton Friedman
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Milton Friedman

Summary

Milton Friedman is a human[1]. He was born in Brooklyn[2]. He died in San Francisco[3]. He worked as an economist[4], university teacher[5], statistician[6], and essayist[7]. He ranks in the top 0.48% of human entities by monthly Wikipedia readership (45,126 views/month, #4,763 of 1,000,298).[8]

Key Facts

  • Milton Friedman's place of birth was Brooklyn[2].
  • Milton Friedman died in San Francisco[3].
  • Milton Friedman is buried at San Francisco Bay[9].
  • Among Milton Friedman's spouses was Rose Friedman[10].
  • A child of Milton Friedman was David D. Friedman[11].
  • A child of Milton Friedman was Jan Martel[12].
  • Milton Friedman held citizenship in United States[13].
  • English was Milton Friedman's native language[14].
  • Milton Friedman is identified as part of the Jewish people ethnic group[15].
  • Milton Friedman worked as an economist[4].
  • Milton Friedman's professions included university teacher[5].
  • Milton Friedman's professions included statistician[6].
  • Milton Friedman worked as an essayist[7].
  • Milton Friedman's field of work was economics[16].
  • Milton Friedman's field of work was macroeconomics[17].
  • Among Milton Friedman's employers was University of Chicago[18].
  • Milton Friedman was educated at Rahway High School[19].
  • Milton Friedman's education included a stint at Columbia University[20].
  • Milton Friedman was educated at Rutgers University[21].
  • Milton Friedman was educated at University of Chicago[22].
  • Milton Friedman's education included a stint at University of Cambridge[23].
  • Milton Friedman's doctoral advisor was Simon Kuznets[24].
  • Milton Friedman received the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel[25].
  • Milton Friedman received the National Medal of Science[26].
  • Milton Friedman received the Adam Smith Award[27].

Product Details

The following facts are restated verbatim from public-domain and CC0 open-data sources — every line is independently verifiable against the named source's catalog.

MusicBrainz — CC0 open music encyclopedia

  • MusicBrainz ID: 62b737d6-c641-4827-8ba3-ecf0e448d1b3[28]

Body

Origins and Family

Milton Friedman was born in Brooklyn[2]. He is identified as part of the Jewish people ethnic group[15]. English was his native language[14].

Education

Educated at Rahway High School[19], a high school[29], in United States[30]; Columbia University[20], a private university[31], in United States[32], founded in 1754[33], headquartered in Manhattan[34]; Rutgers University[21], a public research university[35], in United States[36], founded in 1766[37]; University of Chicago[22], a private university[38], in United States[39], founded in 1890[40], headquartered in Chicago[41]; and University of Cambridge[23], a collegiate university[42], in United Kingdom[43], founded in 1209[44], headquartered in Cambridge[45]. Milton Friedman's doctoral advisor was Simon Kuznets[24].

Career and Affiliations

Recorded occupations include economist[4], university teacher[5], statistician[6], and essayist[7]. Fields of work include economics[16], an academic discipline[46] and macroeconomics[17], a theory[47]. Milton Friedman was employed by University of Chicago[18]. Doctoral students include Phillip D. Cagan[48], Harry Markowitz[49], Lester G. Telser[50], David I. Meiselman[51], Neil Wallace[52], and Miguel Sidrauski[53].

Recognition

Awards received include Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel[25], an economics award[54], in Sweden[55]; National Medal of Science[26], a science award[56], in United States[57], founded in 1963[58]; Adam Smith Award[27], a science award[59], in United States[60], founded in 1982[61]; John Bates Clark Medal[62], an economics award[63], in United States[64], founded in 1947[65]; Presidential Medal of Freedom[66]; and Distinguished Fellow of the American Economic Association[67].

Personal Life

Milton Friedman was married to Rose Friedman[10]. Children include David D. Friedman[11], an economist[68], b. 1945[69], of United States[70], specialised in economics[71] and Jan Martel[12], a bridge player[72], b. 1943[73], of United States[74]. Religious affiliations include Orthodox Judaism[75], a Jewish religious movements[76] and agnostic[77], a religious identity[78]. He was affiliated with the Republican Party[79].

Death and Burial

Milton Friedman passed away in San Francisco[3]. The cause of death was heart failure[80]. Burial took place at San Francisco Bay[9].

Works and Contributions

Things named for Milton Friedman include Friedman test[81] and Becker Friedman Institute for Research in Economics[82].

Why It Matters

Milton Friedman ranks in the top 0.48% of human entities by monthly Wikipedia readership (45,126 views/month, #4,763 of 1,000,298).[8] He has Wikipedia articles in 30 language editions, a strong signal of global cultural recognition.[83] He is known by 40 alternative names across languages and contexts.[84]

He has been cited as an influence by Thomas Sowell[85], an economist[86], b. 1930[87], of United States[88], awarded the National Humanities Medal[89], specialised in economics[90]; Chicago Boys[91], a group of humans[92]; fiscal conservatism[93], a political ideology[94]; Gary Becker[95], an economist[96], 1930–2014[97], of United States[98], awarded the Adam Smith Award[99], specialised in economics[100]; George Stigler[101], an economist[102], 1911–1991[103], of United States[104], awarded the Guggenheim Fellowship[105], specialised in economics[106]; and Andrei Shleifer[107], an economist[108], b. 1961[109], of United States[110], awarded the Sloan Fellowship[111], specialised in economics[112].

He is credited with the discovery of school choice[113] and permanent income hypothesis[114]. Works attributed to him include Capitalism and Freedom[115], Free to Choose[116], and A Monetary History of the United States[117]. Entities named for him include Friedman test[81] and Becker Friedman Institute for Research in Economics[82].

His notable doctoral advisees include David D. Friedman[118], Harry Markowitz[119], Neil Wallace[120], Phillip D. Cagan[121], and Miguel Sidrauski[122].

FAQs

Where was Milton Friedman born?

Born in Brooklyn[2], Milton Friedman…

Where did Milton Friedman die?

Milton Friedman passed away in San Francisco[3].

Who was Milton Friedman married to?

Milton Friedman's spouses include Rose Friedman[10].

What did Milton Friedman do for work?

Milton Friedman worked as economist[4], university teacher[5], statistician[6], and essayist[7].

Where did Milton Friedman go to school?

Milton Friedman was educated at Rahway High School[19], Columbia University[20], Rutgers University[21], and University of Chicago[22].

What awards did Milton Friedman receive?

Honors received include Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel[25], National Medal of Science[26], Adam Smith Award[27], and John Bates Clark Medal[62].

Who did Milton Friedman influence?

Milton Friedman has been cited as an influence by Thomas Sowell[85], Chicago Boys[91], fiscal conservatism[93], and Gary Becker[95].

What did Milton Friedman discover?

Milton Friedman is credited as discoverer of school choice[113] and permanent income hypothesis[114].

References

Programmatic citations — every numbered marker resolves to a verifiable graph row below.

Direct Wikidata claims

  1. [2] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  2. [3] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  3. [10] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  4. [13] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  5. [11] ↑ . wikidata.org.
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  38. [80] ↑ . wikidata.org.

Product details (FDA / USDA / NHTSA public-domain catalog data)

  1. [28] ↑ . MusicBrainz (MetaBrainz Foundation). musicbrainz.org.

Inverse relationships (entities pointing at this one)

  1. [85] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  2. [91] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  3. [93] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
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  17. [81] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
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Inline context (facts about related entities)

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Class ancestry

  1. [1] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org.

Aggregate / graph-position facts

  1. [8] ↑ . Wikimedia Foundation. dumps.wikimedia.org.
  2. [83] ↑ . Wikidata sitelinks. wikidata.org.
  3. [84] ↑ . Wikidata aliases. wikidata.org.

📑 Cite this page

Use these citations when quoting this entity in research, articles, AI prompts, or wherever provenance matters. We aggregate Wikidata + Wikipedia + authoritative open-data sources; the stitched, scored, cross-referenced view is what 4ort.xyz contributes.

APA 4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph. (2026). Milton Friedman. Retrieved October 2, 2026, from https://4ort.xyz/entity/milton-friedman
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BibTeX @misc{4ortxyz_milton-friedman_2026, author = {{4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph}}, title = {{Milton Friedman}}, year = {2026}, url = {https://4ort.xyz/entity/milton-friedman}, note = {Accessed: 2026-10-02}}
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Edit History

Rolling log of changes to this entity's Wikidata record. Values shown reflect the current state of each edited property — follow the history link to see the precise diff for any edit.

  1. 10d ago · Kwayst · 2026-09-24 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    P14724 → 25576062
    "/* wbsetclaim-create:2||1 */ [[Property:P14724]]: 25576062"
  2. 6w ago · Trivialist · 2026-08-20 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    P14750 → F823-6A65-E240-0512-AE58
    "/* wbcreateclaim-create:1| */ [[Property:P14750]]: F823-6A65-E240-0512-AE58, [[:toollabs:quickstatements/#/batch/269215|batch #269215]]"
  3. 6w ago · Mahirtwofivesix · 2026-08-19 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Babelnet id → 00036527n
    Arabic ontology lexical concept id → 151059686
    "/* wbeditentity-statements-multiple-properties-update:0||4 */ added/modified IDs mapped to WordNet 3.1"
  4. 7w ago · KrBot bot · 2026-08-16 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Accademia nazionale dei lincei id → 909-friedman-milton
    "/* wbsetreference-set:2| */ [[Property:P20]]: [[Q62]], см. / see [[Template:Autofix|autofix]] на / on [[Property talk:P248]]"
  5. 10w ago · Estevoaei · 2026-07-21 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Enciclopedia galega universal id → 128173
    "/* wbsetclaim-create:1||1 */ [[Property:P13613]]: 128173, Matched to [[:toollabs:mix-n-match/#/entry/192261216|Milton Friedman (#192261216)]] in [[:toollabs:mix-n-match/#/catalog/6936|Enciclopedia Gal"
  6. 11w ago · Nyuhn · 2026-07-12 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    P14541 → jKvm6
    "/* wbeditentity-update:0| */ QuickStatements 3.0 [[:toollabs:qs-dev/batch/41251|batch #41251]]: ZGBK ID"
  7. 12w ago · Susmuffin · 2026-07-08 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Harper's tag → milton-friedman
    "/* wbsetclaim-create:1||1 */ [[Property:P13772]]: milton-friedman, Matched to [[:toollabs:mix-n-match/#/entry/289943179|milton friedman (#289943179)]] in [[:toollabs:mix-n-match/#/catalog/7915|Harper'"
  8. 16w ago · Jindřich Rubeš · 2026-06-11 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Svkkl authority id → p0002400-Friedman-Milton-19122006
    Occupation → economist, university teacher, statistician +1
    "/* wbcreateclaim-create:1| */ [[Property:P9322]]: p0002400-Friedman-Milton-19122006, [[:toollabs:quickstatements/#/batch/259496|batch #259496]]"
  9. 19w ago · Adriánmm9520 · 2026-05-19 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Copyright status as a creator → works protected by copyrights
    Local thumb → —
    "/* wbsetclaim-update:2||1|1 */ [[Property:P101]]: [[Q39680]]"
  10. 21w ago · Bargioni · 2026-05-07 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Local thumb → —
    "/* wbeditentity-update:0| */ QuickStatements 3.0 [[:toollabs:qs-dev/batch/30468|batch #30468]]: add P1810 to P5739 2/3"
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