Middle English

stage of the English language from about the 12th through 15th centuries
Intangible historical_language Q36395
Middle English
unknown artist, 1400-1410, England · Public Domain · Wikimedia
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Summary

Middle English is a historical language[1]. It ranks in the top 3% of historical language entities by monthly Wikipedia readership (10,791 views/month).[2]

Key Facts

  • Country: United Kingdom[3]
  • Instance of: language variety[4], chronolect[5]
  • Followed by: Early Modern English[6]
  • Subclass of: Anglic[7], English[8]
  • Writing system: Latin script[9]
  • Commons category: Middle English[10]
  • Wikimedia language code: enm[11]
  • Topic's main category: Category:Middle English[12]
  • Number of speakers, writers, or signers: 0[13]
  • Described by source: The Nuttall Encyclopædia[14]
  • Replaces: Old English[15]
  • Replaced by: Modern English[16]
  • Related Wikidata property: P11420[17]
  • Native label: Middle English[18]
  • Exact match: http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/language/ENM[19]
  • Linguistic typology: V2 word order[20], nominative–accusative language[21], stress-timed language[22], fusional language[23]
  • Wikimedia Incubator URL: https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/enm[24]

Why It Matters

Middle English has Wikipedia articles in 29 language editions, a strong signal of global cultural recognition.[25] It is known by 65 alternative names across languages and contexts.[26]

References

Programmatic citations — every numbered marker resolves to a verifiable graph row below.

Direct Wikidata claims

  1. [3] ↑ . scriptsource.org. Retrieved . scriptsource.org. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  2. [4] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  3. [5] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  4. [6] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  5. [7] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  6. [8] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  7. [9] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  8. [10] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  9. [11] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  10. [12] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  11. [13] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  12. [14] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  13. [15] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  14. [16] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  15. [17] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  16. [18] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  17. [19] ↑ . Language. op.europa.eu. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  18. [20] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  19. [21] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  20. [22] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  21. [23] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  22. [24] ↑ . wikidata.org.

Class ancestry

  1. [1] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org.

Aggregate / graph-position facts

  1. [2] ↑ . Wikimedia Foundation. dumps.wikimedia.org.
  2. [25] ↑ . Wikidata sitelinks. wikidata.org.
  3. [26] ↑ . Wikidata aliases. wikidata.org.

📑 Cite this page

Use these citations when quoting this entity in research, articles, AI prompts, or wherever provenance matters. We aggregate Wikidata + Wikipedia + authoritative open-data sources; the stitched, scored, cross-referenced view is what 4ort.xyz contributes.

APA 4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph. (2026). Middle English. Retrieved October 11, 2026, from https://4ort.xyz/entity/middle-english
MLA “Middle English.” 4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph, 4ort.xyz, 11 Oct. 2026, https://4ort.xyz/entity/middle-english.
BibTeX @misc{4ortxyz_middle-english_2026, author = {{4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph}}, title = {{Middle English}}, year = {2026}, url = {https://4ort.xyz/entity/middle-english}, note = {Accessed: 2026-10-11}}
LLM prompt According to 4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph (aggregator of Wikidata, Wikipedia, and authoritative open-data sources): Middle English — https://4ort.xyz/entity/middle-english (retrieved 2026-10-11)

Canonical URL: https://4ort.xyz/entity/middle-english · Last refreshed:

Edit History

Rolling log of changes to this entity's Wikidata record. Values shown reflect the current state of each edited property — follow the history link to see the precise diff for any edit.

  1. 8w ago · Yapy28 · 2026-08-16 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Interlingual index id → i73111
    Wordnet 3.1 synset id → 06961523-n
    "/* wbeditentity-update:0| */ QuickStatements 3.0 [[:toollabs:qs-dev/batch/47826|batch #47826]]: OEWN"
  2. 10w ago · Superraptor123 · 2026-08-05 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Instance of → historical language, language variety, chronolect
    "/* wbsetclaim-create:1||1 */ Instance of: spoken language"
  3. 17w ago · Jindřich Rubeš · 2026-06-11 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Svkkl authority id → 0346130-stredni-anglictina
    "/* wbcreateclaim-create:1| */ Svkkl authority id: 0346130-stredni-anglictina, [[:toollabs:quickstatements/#/batch/259495|batch #259495]]"
  4. 21w ago · Twofivesixbot bot · 2026-05-19 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Local thumb → —
    Nci thesaurus id → C210943
    "/* wbsetclaim-update-qualifiers:1||1|11 */ Yso id: 2572, mv to monolingual text names on YSO statements"
  5. 23w ago · Mahir256 · 2026-05-03 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Instance of → —
    Linguistic typology → V2 word order, nominative–accusative language, stress-timed language +1
    Writing system → Latin script
    Country → —
    + 17 other properties edited (see Wikidata diff for full list)
    "/* wbsetclaim-create:2||1 */ Umls cui: CL1937692"
Live feed via Wikidata EventStreams. New edits appear within minutes of being made on Wikidata.