Lesson 61: Passive Voice

Summary

Lesson 61: Passive Voice is a lesson^[1].

Key Facts

• Lesson 61: Passive Voice's instance of is recorded as Passive Voice — instance of (P31): lesson^[2].
• Lesson 61: Passive Voice's instance of is recorded as Passive Voice — instance of (P31): scholarly chapter^[3].
• Lesson 61: Passive Voice's follows is recorded as Passive Voice — follows (P155): Lesson 60: Identifier Case, Pt 2^[4].
• Lesson 61: Passive Voice's followed by is recorded as Passive Voice — followed by (P156): Lesson 62: Translation 9^[5].
• Lesson 61: Passive Voice's part of is recorded as Passive Voice — part of (P361): laadanlanguage.org^[6].
• Lesson 61: Passive Voice's language of work or name is recorded as Passive Voice — language of work or name (P407): English^[7].
• Lesson 61: Passive Voice's language of work or name is recorded as Passive Voice — language of work or name (P407): Láadan^[8].
• Lesson 61: Passive Voice's main subject is recorded as Passive Voice — main subject (P921): passive^[9].
• Lesson 61: Passive Voice's work available at URL is recorded as http://laadanlanguage.org/61.html#top^[10].
• Lesson 61: Passive Voice's title is recorded as Lesson 61: Passive Voice^[11].
• Lesson 61: Passive Voice's first line is recorded as There are two new Case roles that occur in the Passive voice that we ought to discuss.^[12].
• Lesson 61: Passive Voice's last line is recorded as The Patient is represented by an embedded relative clause, and the Agent is an interrogative—a structure we haven’t seen before.^[13].
• Lesson 61: Passive Voice's copyright status is recorded as Passive Voice — copyright status (P6216): no known copyright restrictions^[14].
• Lesson 61: Passive Voice's quotation or excerpt is recorded as In #7, the verb “dóyom” (protect) is transparently a “dó–” formation from the stative verb, “yom” (be safe). So, of course the Subject of “yom” would become the Object (and the Patient in the Passive) of “dóyom,” and “dóyom” would take a new Subject: the one doing the protecting. But what case role ought we to assign to the thing/condition the protector is safeguarding the Patient from? In English, clearly, it’s the Source case as illustrated by that very “from” in the previous sentence. Use of the Source case is idiomatic in English; however, idiomatic usage in one language, by definition, does not translate well into another. The crux of the discussion of protection “from” some threat is that the patient/object is safe despite the presence of that threat. In Láadan, therefore, it seems meet that the thing being protected from (exemplified by X) should be rendered in the negated Cause case: “X rawáan.” This case assignment would apply equally to the verb “yom” (be safe); in this way, the transformation from “yom” to “dóyom” would entail as few case reassignments as possible.^[15].