Al-Biruni

11th-century Persian scholar and polymath (973–1048)
Person human Q11826
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Al-Biruni was born on September 4, 973 in Kath.[1] His citizenship was the Samanid Empire.[1] His religion was Islam.

He worked as a philosopher, chemist, geographer, polymath, mathematician, and cartographer.[1] He died on December 9, 1048 in Ghazni.[2]

Al-Biruni

Summary

Al-Biruni is a human[1]. Born in Kath[2], he… he was born on September 4, 973[3]. He passed away in Ghazni[4]. He died on December 9, 1048[5]. He worked as a philosopher[6], chemist[7], geographer[8], polymath[9], and mathematician[10]. He has Wikipedia articles in 30 language editions, a strong signal of global cultural recognition.[11]

Key Facts

  • Al-Biruni's place of birth was Kath[2].
  • Al-Biruni died in Ghazni[4].
  • Al-Biruni was born on September 4, 973[3].
  • Al-Biruni died on December 9, 1048[5].
  • Al-Biruni held citizenship in Samanid Empire[12].
  • Al-Biruni's professions included philosopher[6].
  • Al-Biruni worked as a chemist[7].
  • Al-Biruni worked as a geographer[8].
  • Al-Biruni's professions included polymath[9].
  • Al-Biruni worked as a mathematician[10].
  • Al-Biruni worked as a cartographer[13].
  • Al-Biruni's field of work was physics[14].
  • Al-Biruni's field of work was mathematics[15].
  • Al-Biruni's field of work was astronomy[16].
  • Al-Biruni's field of work was natural science[17].
  • Al-Biruni's field of work was history[18].
  • Al-Biruni's field of work was chronology[19].
  • A notable work attributed to Al-Biruni is The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries[20].
  • A notable work attributed to Al-Biruni is Al-Tafhim[21].
  • A notable work attributed to Al-Biruni is Al-Biruni's India[22].
  • A notable work attributed to Al-Biruni is al-Qānūn al-Maʻsudī[23].
  • A notable work attributed to Al-Biruni is Alṣydnh fī al-ṭibb[24].
  • A notable work attributed to Al-Biruni is Tahdid nihayat al-amakin li-tashih masafat al-masakin[25].
  • Al-Biruni's religion is recorded as Islam[26].
  • Al-Biruni's religion is recorded as Sunni Islam[27].

Body

Origins and Family

Al-Biruni was born in Kath[2]. He was born on September 4, 973[3].

Education

Al-Biruni studied under Abu Nasr Mansur[28].

Career and Affiliations

Recorded occupations include philosopher[6], chemist[7], geographer[8], polymath[9], mathematician[10], and cartographer[13]. Fields of work include physics[14], a branch of science[29]; mathematics[15], an academic discipline[30]; astronomy[16], a branch of science[31]; natural science[17], a branch of science[32]; history[18]; and chronology[19], an arranging[33].

Works and Contributions

Notable works include The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries[20], Al-Tafhim[21], Al-Biruni's India[22], al-Qānūn al-Maʻsudī[23], Alṣydnh fī al-ṭibb[24], and Tahdid nihayat al-amakin li-tashih masafat al-masakin[25]. Things named for him include 9936 he[34], an asteroid[35]; Beruniy[36], a town[37], in Uzbekistan[38], founded in 1962[39]; birunite[40]; Tashkent State Technical University[41]; Al-Beroni University[42]; al-Biruni State Prize of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of science and technology[43]; Abu Rayhan Biruni Institute of Oriental Studies[44]; and he[45].

Personal Life

Religious affiliations include Islam[26] and Sunni Islam[27].

Death and Burial

Al-Biruni died on December 9, 1048[5]. He died in Ghazni[4].

Why It Matters

Al-Biruni has Wikipedia articles in 30 language editions, a strong signal of global cultural recognition.[11] He is known by 30 alternative names across languages and contexts.[46]

He has been cited as an influence by Avicenna[47], a philosopher[48], 0980–1037[49], specialised in medicine[50] and Omar Khayyám[51], a mathematician[52], 1048–1131[53], of Seljuk Empire[54], specialised in poetry[55].

He is credited with the discovery of pycnometer[56]. Works attributed to him include Al-Biruni's India[57], a literary work[58], founded in 1017[59] and The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries[60], a written work[61]. Entities named for him include 9936 he[34], an asteroid[35]; Beruniy[36], a town[37], in Uzbekistan[38], founded in 1962[39]; birunite[40]; Tashkent State Technical University[41]; Al-Beroni University[42]; and al-Biruni State Prize of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of science and technology[43].

FAQs

Where was Al-Biruni born?

Al-Biruni was born in Kath[2].

Where did Al-Biruni die?

Al-Biruni passed away in Ghazni[4].

What did Al-Biruni do for work?

Al-Biruni worked as philosopher[6], chemist[7], geographer[8], polymath[9], and mathematician[10].

Who did Al-Biruni influence?

Al-Biruni has been cited as an influence by Avicenna[47] and Omar Khayyám[51].

What did Al-Biruni discover?

Al-Biruni is credited as discoverer of pycnometer[56].

References

Programmatic citations — every numbered marker resolves to a verifiable graph row below.

Direct Wikidata claims

  1. [2] . Encyclopædia Iranica. wikidata.org.
  2. [4] . wikidata.org.
  3. [12] . Encyclopædia Iranica. wikidata.org.
  4. [14] . wikidata.org.
  5. [15] . wikidata.org.
  6. [16] . wikidata.org.
  7. [17] . wikidata.org.
  8. [18] . wikidata.org.
  9. [19] . wikidata.org.
  10. [6] . wikidata.org.
  11. [7] . wikidata.org.
  12. [8] . wikidata.org.
  13. [9] . Encyclopædia Iranica. wikidata.org.
  14. [10] . wikidata.org.
  15. [13] . wikidata.org.
  16. [26] . wikidata.org.
  17. [27] . wikidata.org.
  18. [3] . Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  19. [5] . MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  20. [20] . wikidata.org.
  21. [21] . wikidata.org.
  22. [22] . wikidata.org.
  23. [23] . wikidata.org.
  24. [24] . wikidata.org.
  25. [25] . wikidata.org.
  26. [28] . Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd edition. wikidata.org.

Inverse relationships (entities pointing at this one)

  1. [47] . wikidata.org. → on this site
  2. [51] . wikidata.org. → on this site
  3. [56] . wikidata.org. → on this site
  4. [57] . wikidata.org. → on this site
  5. [60] . wikidata.org. → on this site
  6. [34] . wikidata.org. → on this site
  7. [36] . wikidata.org. → on this site
  8. [40] . wikidata.org. → on this site
  9. [41] . wikidata.org. → on this site
  10. [42] . wikidata.org. → on this site
  11. [43] . wikidata.org. → on this site
  12. [44] . wikidata.org. → on this site
  13. [45] . wikidata.org. → on this site

Inline context (facts about related entities)

  1. [29] . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  2. [30] . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  3. [31] . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  4. [32] . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  5. [33] . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  6. [48] . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  7. [49] . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  8. [50] . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  9. [52] . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  10. [53] . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  11. [54] . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  12. [55] . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  13. [58] . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  14. [59] . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  15. [61] . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  16. [35] . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  17. [37] . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  18. [38] . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  19. [39] . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site

Class ancestry

  1. [1] . Wikidata. wikidata.org.

Aggregate / graph-position facts

  1. [11] . Wikidata sitelinks. wikidata.org.
  2. [46] . Wikidata aliases. wikidata.org.

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APA 4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph. (2026). Al-Biruni. Retrieved April 11, 2026, from https://4ort.xyz/entity/al-biruni
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Edit History

Rolling log of changes to this entity's Wikidata record. Values shown reflect the current state of each edited property — follow the history link to see the precise diff for any edit.

  1. 2d ago · Epìdosis · 2026-07-10 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    P14611 61080
    "/* wbcreateclaim-create:1| */ [[Property:P14611]]: 61080, [[:toollabs:quickstatements/#/batch/260288|batch #260288]]"
  2. 3d ago · Nyuhn · 2026-07-10 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    P14541 ['3vgSNs', '3HdWmu']
    "/* wbeditentity-update:0| */ QuickStatements 3.0 [[:toollabs:qs-dev/batch/40849|batch #40849]]: ZGBK ID"
  3. 13d ago · KrBot bot · 2026-06-30 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Image Al-Biruni Portrait.jpg, Biruni-russian.jpg
    "/* wbremoveclaims-remove:1| */ [[Property:P18]]: Al-Biruni.jpg, дублирующееся значение / duplicate value"
  4. 17d ago · Printstream · 2026-06-25 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    P14536 413526
    "/* wbcreateclaim-create:1| */ [[Property:P14536]]: 413526, #quickstatements; #temporary_batch_1782398664614"
  5. 19d ago · 004bvan · 2026-06-23 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Image Al-Biruni Portrait.jpg, Biruni-russian.jpg
    "/* wbsetclaim-update:2||1 */ [[Property:P18]]: Al-Biruni.jpg"
  6. 8w ago · Epìdosis · 2026-05-15 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Occupation philosopher, chemist, geographer +15
    "/* wbeditentity-update:0| */ QuickStatements 3.0 [[:toollabs:qs-dev/batch/31702|batch #31702]]: import P21 and P106 from GND (3)"
  7. 8w ago · Epìdosis · 2026-05-15 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Cerl thesaurus id cnp00394263
    "/* wbremoveclaims-remove:1| */ [[Property:P1871]]: cnp00394263, [[:toollabs:quickstatements/#/batch/257929|batch #257929]]"
  8. 9w ago · Bargioni · 2026-05-07 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Epoch Islamic Golden Age, Shi'a Century
    Topic's main category Category:Al-Biruni
    Field of work
    Field of work physics, mathematics, astronomy +18
    + 28 other properties edited (see Wikidata diff for full list)
    "/* wbeditentity-update:0| */ QuickStatements 3.0 [[:toollabs:qs-dev/batch/30465|batch #30465]]: add P1810 to P5739 1/3"
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