Alfred Russel Wallace

British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist and biologist (1823–1913)
Person human Q160627
Alfred Russel Wallace
London Stereoscopic and Photographic Company (active 1855-1922) · Public Domain · Wikimedia
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Summary

Alfred Russel Wallace was born on January 8, 1823[1], in Usk[2]. He died on November 7, 1913[3], in Broadstone[4]. He worked as a mathematician[5], explorer[6], anthropologist[7], zoologist[8], and naturalist[9]. He ranks in the top 0.66% of human entities by monthly Wikipedia readership (10,300 views/month, #6,591 of 1,000,298).[10]

Key Facts

  • Father: Thomas Vere Wallace[11]
  • Mother: Mary Anne Greenell[12]
  • Spouse: Annie Mitten[13]
  • Child: Q140166442[14], Q140166443[15], Q140166444[16]
  • Country of citizenship: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland[17]
  • Occupation: anti-vaccine activist[18], ornithologist[19], entomologist[20], geographer[21], beekeeper[22], botanist[23], world traveler[24], writer[25], zoological collector[26], botanical collector[27], scientific collector[28]
  • Field of work: biogeography[29], evolution[30], naturalism[31], biology[32], geography[33]
  • Position held: President of the Royal Entomological Society[34]
  • Educated at: Birkbeck, University of London[35], Richard Hale School[36]
  • Award received: Fellow of the Royal Society[37], Order of Merit[38], Copley Medal[39], Royal Medal[40], Founder’s Medal[41], Darwin Medal[42], Darwin–Wallace Medal[43], Linnean Medal[44], Fellow of the Zoological Society of London[45], Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society[46], Fellow of the Linnean Society of London[47], Doctor honoris causa of the University of Dublin[48], Honorary doctor of the University of Oxford[49], Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society Te Apārangi[50]
  • Member of: Royal Society[51], Royal Geographical Society[52], Zoological Society of London[53], Royal Entomological Society[54], Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft[55]
  • Sex or gender: male[56]
  • Commons category: Alfred Russel Wallace[57]
  • Family name: Wallace[58]
  • Given name: Alfred[59], Russel[60]

Body

Works and Contributions

Things named for Alfred Russel Wallace include Wallace Line[61], a biogeographic boundary[62], in Indonesia[63]; wallace effect[64], an evolutionary process[65]; Darwin–Wallace Medal[66]; Wallace[67]; and Wallace’s Large Spiny Rat[68].

Why It Matters

Alfred Russel Wallace has Wikipedia articles in 30 language editions, a strong signal of global cultural recognition.[69] He is known by 64 alternative names across languages and contexts.[70]

He has been cited as an influence by James L. Patton[71], a zoologist[72], b. 1941[73], of United States[74], awarded the C. Hart Merriam Award[75], specialised in mammalogy[76].

He is credited with the discovery of Great American Interchange[77], a historical event[78]. Works attributed to him include The Malay Archipelago[79], a written work[80] and On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection[81], an academic journal article[82], written by Charles Darwin[83]. Entities named for him include Wallace Line[61], a biogeographic boundary[62], in Indonesia[63]; wallace effect[64], an evolutionary process[65]; Darwin–Wallace Medal[66]; Wallace[67]; and Wallace’s Large Spiny Rat[68].

FAQs

Where was Alfred Russel Wallace born?

Alfred Russel Wallace's place of birth was Usk[2].

Where did Alfred Russel Wallace die?

Alfred Russel Wallace passed away in Broadstone[4].

Who were Alfred Russel Wallace's parents?

Alfred Russel Wallace's father was Thomas Vere Wallace[11]. Alfred Russel Wallace's mother was Mary Anne Greenell[12].

Who was Alfred Russel Wallace married to?

Alfred Russel Wallace's spouses include Annie Mitten[13].

What did Alfred Russel Wallace do for work?

Alfred Russel Wallace worked as a mathematician[5], explorer[6], anthropologist[7], zoologist[8], and naturalist[9].

Where did Alfred Russel Wallace go to school?

Alfred Russel Wallace was educated at Birkbeck, University of London[35] and Richard Hale School[36].

What awards did Alfred Russel Wallace receive?

Honors received include Fellow of the Royal Society[37], Order of Merit[38], Copley Medal[39], and Royal Medal[40].

Who did Alfred Russel Wallace influence?

Alfred Russel Wallace has been cited as an influence by James L. Patton[71].

What did Alfred Russel Wallace discover?

Alfred Russel Wallace is credited as discoverer of Great American Interchange[77].

References

Programmatic citations — every numbered marker resolves to a verifiable graph row below.

Direct Wikidata claims

  1. [2] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  2. [4] ↑ . Great Norwegian Encyclopedia. Retrieved . collections.royalsociety.org. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  3. [56] ↑ . BnF authorities. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  4. [11] ↑ . Genealogics. wikidata.org.
  5. [12] ↑ . Genealogics. wikidata.org.
  6. [13] ↑ . darwinproject.ac.uk. darwinproject.ac.uk. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  7. [17] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  8. [34] ↑ . Biodiversity Heritage Library. Retrieved . royensoc.co.uk. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  9. [14] ↑ . darwinproject.ac.uk. darwinproject.ac.uk. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  10. [15] ↑ . darwinproject.ac.uk. darwinproject.ac.uk. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  11. [16] ↑ . darwinproject.ac.uk. darwinproject.ac.uk. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  12. [35] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  13. [36] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  14. [29] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  15. [30] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  16. [31] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  17. [32] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  18. [33] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  19. [5] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  20. [6] ↑ . Integrated Authority File. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  21. [7] ↑ . The Fine Art Archive. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  22. [8] ↑ . Integrated Authority File. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  23. [9] ↑ . The Fine Art Archive. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  24. [18] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  25. [19] ↑ . Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  26. [20] ↑ . Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  27. [21] ↑ . The Fine Art Archive. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  28. [22] ↑ . Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  29. [23] ↑ . Integrated Authority File. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  30. [24] ↑ . The Fine Art Archive. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  31. [25] ↑ . Library of the World's Best Literature. wikidata.org.
  32. [26] ↑ . Bionomia. wikidata.org.
  33. [27] ↑ . Bionomia. Retrieved . bionomia.net. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  34. [28] ↑ . Bionomia. wikidata.org.
  35. [37] ↑ . collections.royalsociety.org. Retrieved . collections.royalsociety.org. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  36. [38] ↑ . nhm.ac.uk. Retrieved . nhm.ac.uk. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  37. [39] ↑ . wallacefund.info. Retrieved . wallacefund.info. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  38. [40] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  39. [41] ↑ . Gold Medal Recipients. wikidata.org.
  40. [42] ↑ . docs.google.com. Retrieved . docs.google.com. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  41. [43] ↑ . linnean.org. Retrieved . linnean.org. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  42. [44] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  43. [45] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  44. [46] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  45. [47] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  46. [48] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  47. [49] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  48. [50] ↑ . royalsociety.org.nz. royalsociety.org.nz. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  49. [57] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  50. [51] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  51. [52] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  52. [53] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  53. [54] ↑ . royensoc.co.uk. Retrieved . royensoc.co.uk. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  54. [55] ↑ . biodiversitylibrary.org. Retrieved . biodiversitylibrary.org. Provenance: wikidata.org.
  55. [1] ↑ . Integrated Authority File. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  56. [3] ↑ . Integrated Authority File. Retrieved . wikidata.org.
  57. [58] ↑ . International Plant Names Index. wikidata.org.
  58. [59] ↑ . wikidata.org.
  59. [60] ↑ . wikidata.org.

Inverse relationships (entities pointing at this one)

  1. [71] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  2. [77] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  3. [79] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  4. [81] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  5. [61] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  6. [64] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  7. [66] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  8. [67] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site
  9. [68] ↑ . wikidata.org. → on this site

Inline context (facts about related entities)

  1. [72] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  2. [73] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  3. [74] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  4. [75] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  5. [76] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  6. [78] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  7. [80] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  8. [82] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  9. [83] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  10. [62] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  11. [63] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site
  12. [65] ↑ . Wikidata. wikidata.org. → on this site

Aggregate / graph-position facts

  1. [10] ↑ . Wikimedia Foundation. dumps.wikimedia.org.
  2. [69] ↑ . Wikidata sitelinks. wikidata.org.
  3. [70] ↑ . Wikidata aliases. wikidata.org.

📑 Cite this page

Use these citations when quoting this entity in research, articles, AI prompts, or wherever provenance matters. We aggregate Wikidata + Wikipedia + authoritative open-data sources; the stitched, scored, cross-referenced view is what 4ort.xyz contributes.

APA 4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph. (2026). Alfred Russel Wallace. Retrieved October 17, 2026, from https://4ort.xyz/entity/alfred-russel-wallace
MLA “Alfred Russel Wallace.” 4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph, 4ort.xyz, 17 Oct. 2026, https://4ort.xyz/entity/alfred-russel-wallace.
BibTeX @misc{4ortxyz_alfred-russel-wallace_2026, author = {{4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph}}, title = {{Alfred Russel Wallace}}, year = {2026}, url = {https://4ort.xyz/entity/alfred-russel-wallace}, note = {Accessed: 2026-10-17}}
LLM prompt According to 4ort.xyz Knowledge Graph (aggregator of Wikidata, Wikipedia, and authoritative open-data sources): Alfred Russel Wallace — https://4ort.xyz/entity/alfred-russel-wallace (retrieved 2026-10-17)

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Edit History

Rolling log of changes to this entity's Wikidata record. Values shown reflect the current state of each edited property — follow the history link to see the precise diff for any edit.

  1. 1d ago · OKA bot bot · 2026-10-16 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Claims rich → —
    "/* wbeditentity-statements-multiple-properties-update:0||3 */ source for place of death, source for date of birth, source for date of death from Store norske leksikon ([[Wikidata:Requests for permissi"
  2. 10d ago · Epìdosis · 2026-10-08 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Wikipedia languages → ['ar', 'ary', 'arz', 'ast', 'azb', 'ban', 'bcl', 'be', 'bg', 'bh', 'bn', 'ca', '
    Sitelink count → 107
    Nlb authority id (belarus) → SEK-342668
    Date of birth → +1823-01-08T00:00:00Z
    + 1 other property edited (see Wikidata diff for full list)
    "/* wbcreateclaim-create:1| */ Nlb authority id (belarus): SEK-342668, [[:toollabs:quickstatements/#/batch/289805|batch #289805]]"
  3. 27d ago · ~2026-50713-40 · 2026-09-20 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Date of birth → +1823-01-08T00:00:00Z
    "/* wbsetclaim-update:2||1 */ Date of birth: 8 January 2026"
  4. 6w ago · SimonEUV · 2026-09-02 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Member of → Royal Society, Royal Geographical Society, Zoological Society of London +2
    "/* wbsetclaim-create:1||1 */ Member of: Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft, Copying from Zygmunt Bośniacki"
  5. 8w ago · Mahirtwofivesix · 2026-08-19 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Babelnet id → 00002668n
    Harper's tag → alfred-russel, alfred-russel-wallace, 1823-1913
    Arabic ontology lexical concept id → 151061846
    "/* wbeditentity-statements-multiple-properties-update:0||4 */ added/modified IDs mapped to WordNet 3.1"
  6. 12w ago · Susmuffin · 2026-07-25 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Harper's tag → alfred-russel, alfred-russel-wallace, 1823-1913
    "/* wbsetclaim-create:1||1 */ Harper's tag: alfred-russel, Matched to [[:toollabs:mix-n-match/#/entry/289912770|alfred russel (#289912770)]] in [[:toollabs:mix-n-match/#/catalog/7915|Harper's ta"
  7. 13w ago · Nyuhn · 2026-07-12 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    P14541 → cIGwP, 4cFNPt
    "/* wbeditentity-update:0| */ QuickStatements 3.0 [[:toollabs:qs-dev/batch/41251|batch #41251]]: ZGBK ID"
  8. 15w ago · Pigsonthewing · 2026-07-04 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Sibling → John Wallace, Q140166441, Q140431992
    "/* wbsetclaim-create:1||1 */ Sibling: Q140431992, Adding statement(s) using [[:toollabs:wikidata-todo/relator2|Relator2]]"
  9. 16w ago · Pigsonthewing · 2026-06-27 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Significant person → Q140367233
    "/* wbsetclaim-create:2||1 */ Significant person: Q140367233"
  10. 16w ago · Printstream · 2026-06-25 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Child → Q140166442, Q140166443, Q140166444
    P14536 → 344251
    "/* wbcreateclaim-create:1| */ P14536: 344251, #quickstatements; #temporary_batch_1782398664614"
  11. 18w ago · Pigsonthewing · 2026-06-10 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Date of birth → +1823-01-08T00:00:00Z
    Sibling → John Wallace, Q140166441, Q140431992
    "/* wbsetclaim-create:2||1 */ Sibling: Q140166441"
  12. 18w ago · ~2026-34222-13 · 2026-06-10 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Date of birth → +1823-01-08T00:00:00Z
    "/* wbsetclaim-update:2||1 */ Date of birth: 8 January 1821"
  13. 21w ago · Epìdosis · 2026-05-22 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Occupation → mathematician, explorer, anthropologist +13
    "/* wbremoveclaims-remove:1| */ Occupation: biologist, [[:toollabs:quickstatements/#/batch/258356|batch #258356]]"
  14. 21w ago · Epìdosis · 2026-05-19 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Local thumb → —
    Described by source → Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia, BEIC Digital Library, Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary +8
    "/* wbeditentity-update:0| */ QuickStatements 3.0 [[:toollabs:qs-dev/batch/31725|batch #31725]]: import P21 and P106 from GND (19)"
  15. 23w ago · Bargioni · 2026-05-07 view diff on Wikidata ↗
    Local thumb → —
    P14397 → 4935
    "/* wbeditentity-update:0| */ QuickStatements 3.0 [[:toollabs:qs-dev/batch/30465|batch #30465]]: add P1810 to P5739 1/3"
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