# Willingness to speak English among foreign language learners: A causal model

> Research article (Cogent Education, 2018) · cited 45× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W2790055342](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W2790055342)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/willingness-to-speak-english-among-foreign-language-learners-a-causal-model