# Vision-Based Force Feedback Estimation for Robot-Assisted Surgery Using Instrument-Constrained Biomechanical Three-Dimensional Maps

> Research article (IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, 2018) · cited 76× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W2794322549](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W2794322549)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/vision-based-force-feedback-estimation-for-robot-assisted-surgery-using-instrument-constrained-biomechanical-three-dimen