# Virtual sensing of load forces in hydraulic actuators using second- and higher-order sliding modes

> Research article (Control Engineering Practice, 2019) · cited 20× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W2973588142](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W2973588142)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/virtual-sensing-of-load-forces-in-hydraulic-actuators-using-second-and-higher-order-sliding-modes