# Vicarious Offense and Noise Audit of Offensive Speech Classifiers: Unifying Human and Machine Disagreement on What is Offensive

> Research article (Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2023) · cited 12× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4389520320](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4389520320)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/vicarious-offense-and-noise-audit-of-offensive-speech-classifiers-unifying-human-and-machine-disagreement-on-what-is-off