# Uruguay

> country in South America

**Wikidata**: [Q77](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/uruguay

## Summary

Uruguay is a sovereign state located in South America, specifically in the southern region of the continent within the Southern Cone and Latin America. It is a constitutional republic with its capital at Montevideo, having declared independence on August 25, 1825. The country is bordered by Brazil to the north and Argentina to the west, with a population of approximately 3.4 million people as of 2023.

## Key Facts

- **Official Name**: República Oriental del Uruguay (preferred), also known as Oriental Republic of Uruguay or Eastern Republic of Uruguay
- **Area**: 176,215 square kilometres
- **Capital**: Montevideo
- **Independence Date**: August 25, 1825
- **Population**: 3,444,263 (2023 Uruguayan census, preferred value)
- **Coordinates**: Latitude -33°, Longitude -56°
- **Continent**: South America
- **Bordering Countries**: Brazil (to the north), Argentina (to the west)
- **Highest Point**: Cerro Catedral
- **Lowest Point**: Atlantic Ocean (0 metres)
- **Timezone**: UTC−03:00 (standard time), America/Montevideo
- **National Flag**: Flag of Uruguay
- **Coat of Arms**: Coat of arms of Uruguay
- **Anthem**: National Anthem of Uruguay
- **Motto**: "Liberty or Death"
- **Nicknames**: "El Paisito" (The Little Country), "La Suiza de América" (The Switzerland of America)
- **National Language**: Spanish; also recognized Uruguayan Sign Language and Uruguayan Portuguese (in Rivera department)
- **Currency**: Uruguayan peso (since 1994); previously nuevo peso (1975-1994)
- **Driving Side**: Right-hand traffic (since September 2, 1945)
- **Electricity**: 230 volts, 50 Hz (since 2004); plug types include Europlug, Type L, AS/NZS 3112
- **Emergency Number**: 911
- **International Calling Code**: +598
- **Internet TLD**: .uy
- **ISO Codes**: Alpha-2: UY, Alpha-3: URY, Numeric: 858
- **M49 Code**: 858
- **Aircraft Registration Prefix**: CX
- **Licence Plate Code**: UY (since 2012)
- **Maritime Identification Digits**: 770
- **Mobile Country Code**: 748

## FAQs

**What type of government does Uruguay have?**
Uruguay is a sovereign state, constitutional republic, secular state, and presidential system with a participatory democracy form of government. The head of state and government is the President of Uruguay.

**What is Uruguay's current population and demographic profile?**
As of the 2023 Uruguayan census, the population is 3,444,263. The population has grown from approximately 2.5 million in 1960 to over 3.4 million in 2023, with urban population of approximately 3.27 million versus rural population of approximately 147,591 in 2022.

**What are Uruguay's economic indicators?**
Uruguay's nominal GDP was $71.2 billion in 2022. The Gini coefficient (income inequality) is 40.2 (2020). The unemployment rate is 8.4% (2024). The VAT rate is 22% standard and 10% reduced.

**What international organizations is Uruguay a member of?**
Uruguay is a member of the United Nations (since December 18, 1945), World Trade Organization (since January 1, 1995), Organization of American States (since 1948), UNESCO (since November 8, 1947), and many other international bodies including the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Finance Corporation, and Interpol.

**What is Uruguay's human development status?**
Uruguay's Human Development Index (HDI) is 0.809 (2021), classified as "Very High." The Inequality-adjusted HDI is 0.710 (2021). Life expectancy at birth is 78 years (2022).

**What are Uruguay's major holidays and public celebrations?**
Public holidays include New Year's Day (January 1), International Workers' Day, Christmas (Dia de la Familia), Carnival, All Souls' Day (November 2), Epiphany (January 6), and Tourism Week (variable date).

**What administrative divisions does Uruguay have?**
Uruguay is divided into 19 departments: Artigas, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Durazno, Flores, Florida, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandú, Río Negro, Rivera, Rocha, Salto, San José, Soriano, Tacuarembó, and Treinta y Tres.

**What is Uruguay's relationship with neighbouring countries?**
Uruguay shares borders with Brazil to the north and Argentina to the west. It has diplomatic relations with numerous countries including Argentina, Brazil, United States, China, Spain, and many others. The country was previously part of the Cisplatina Province before independence.

## Why It Matters

Uruguay matters as one of South America's most stable and developed democracies, consistently ranking high on democratic governance indices and human development measurements. The country has transitioned from a period of economic volatility in the late 20th century to become a regional leader in social progress, political stability, and economic openness. Its democratic index score of 8.85 (2021) places it among the most democratic nations in Latin America.

The country's significance extends beyond its borders as a member of major international organizations and as an active participant in regional affairs. Uruguay serves as a bridge between Mercosur countries and maintains diplomatic relations with over 50 nations worldwide. Its commitment to multilateralism, human rights, and sustainable development has earned it recognition in international forums.

Uruguay's economic model, characterized by a mixed economy with strong social welfare programs, has attracted international attention as a potential development template for other Latin American nations. The country's approach to issues such as marriage equality, marijuana legalization, and environmental protection has positioned it as a policy innovator in the region.

The nation's cultural influence, particularly through its contributions to literature, music, and sports, extends throughout the Spanish-speaking world. Montevideo serves as a cultural hub for the Southern Cone, while the country's film and literary traditions have gained international acclaim.

## Notable For

- **The Economist Country of the Year (2013)**: Recognized for outstanding progress in social and democratic metrics
- **High Democracy Ranking**: Democracy index of 8.85 (2021), ranking 13th globally
- **BTI Governance Index**: Scored 7.39 (2022), indicating strong governance quality
- **Human Development**: Classified as "Very High" with HDI of 0.809 (2021)
- **Pioneering Social Policies**: First country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage (2013), first Latin American country to legalize cannabis (2013)
- **Freedom Status**: Designated as "free country" in Freedom in the World rankings
- **Happy Planet Index**: Score of 57.5 (2019), reflecting quality of life relative to environmental impact
- **Low Population Density**: One of the lowest population densities in South America despite high development indicators
- **Gastronomy Recognition**: Featured in TasteAtlas for culinary heritage
- **Historic Capital**: Montevideo is one of South America's oldest continuously inhabited European settlements

## Body

### History and Independence

Uruguay's path to sovereignty began with its independence from the Empire of Brazil on August 25, 1825, following the Cisplatine War. The country emerged from the Cisplatina Province, which had been annexed by Brazil after the Argentine-Brazilian War. The Declaration of Independence was formalized following negotiations between Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay, with the Treaty of Montevideo establishing the country's boundaries.

Prior to independence, the territory was known as the Provincia Oriental (Eastern Province) and was contested between Spanish and Portuguese colonial powers, as well as the Banda Oriental. The country's name derives from the Uruguay River, which forms part of its western border with Argentina.

### Geography and Environment

Uruguay occupies a territory of 176,215 square kilometres in the southern cone of South America. The country lies at coordinates latitude -33° and longitude -56°, placing it entirely in the Southern Hemisphere. The landscape is characterized by rolling plains and low mountain ranges, with the highest point being Cerro Catedral.

The country shares its northern border with Brazil and its western border with Argentina, separated by the Uruguay River and the Río de la Plata estuary. The southern and eastern coasts border the Atlantic Ocean, with the lowest point at sea level (0 metres). The easternmost point is located at coordinates lat: -32.65440712, lon: -53.18464279, while the westernmost point is at lat: -33.68206818, lon: -58.43799591. The northernmost point is at lat: -30.086248369444444, lon: -56.99383823055555, and the southernmost point has coordinates of lat: -34.97361029, lon: -54.95181084.

The country is located within the Rio de la Plata basin and is named after the Uruguay River. Other significant water bodies include the Río Negro, which bisects the country, and numerous smaller rivers and streams. The climate is temperate with four distinct seasons.

### Government and Politics

Uruguay operates as a presidential constitutional republic with a presidential system of government. The President serves as both head of state and head of government, currently Yamandú Orsi, who assumed office on March 1, 2025. The executive body is the Presidencia de la República (Presidency of the Republic).

The legislative body is the General Assembly of Uruguay (Asamblea General), a bicameral parliament consisting of the Chamber of Representatives and the Chamber of Senators. The highest judicial authority is the Supreme Court of Uruguay (Suprema Corte de Justicia).

The country's political system is characterized by a strong tradition of democratic governance, with multiple political parties competing in regular elections. The Broad Front (Frente Amplio) has been a significant political force in recent decades. Uruguay's democracy index score of 8.85 (2021) places it among the top 15 most democratic nations globally.

The driving side is right-hand traffic, established on September 2, 1945. Railway traffic operates on the left in some sections (with historical German Wikipedia references) and right in others (per Q58333594).

### Administrative Divisions

Uruguay is divided into 19 departments (departamentos), each with its own local government:

Artigas Department (created October 1, 1884), Canelones Department, Cerro Largo Department, Colonia Department, Durazno Department, Flores Department (created December 30, 1885), Florida Department (created July 10, 1856), Lavalleja Department (created June 16, 1837), Maldonado Department, Montevideo Department, Paysandú Department, Río Negro Department (created August 1, 1881), Rivera Department (created October 1, 1884), Rocha Department (created August 1, 1881), Salto Department (created June 16, 1837), San José Department, Soriano Department, Tacuarembó Department (created June 16, 1837), and Treinta y Tres Department (created September 20, 1884).

### Economy and Trade

Uruguay has a diversified economy with nominal GDP of $71.2 billion (2022). The country operates with the Uruguayan peso as its official currency since 1994, replacing the nuevo peso (which circulated from 1975-1994). The standard VAT rate is 22% with a reduced rate of 10%.

The Gini coefficient, measuring income inequality, stands at 40.2 (2020), indicating moderate inequality. Unemployment rates have fluctuated, with rates of 10.4% (2020), 9.4% (2021), 7.9% (2022), 8.3% (2023), and 8.4% (2024).

The country is a member of the World Trade Organization (since January 1, 1995) and participates actively in regional trade agreements. Uruguay's economy is characterized by agriculture (particularly beef, wool, and wheat), manufacturing, tourism, and services sectors.

### Demographics and Society

The population reached 3,444,263 according to the 2023 Uruguayan census, representing growth from approximately 2.5 million in 1960. The population is predominantly urban, with approximately 3.27 million living in urban areas versus approximately 147,591 in rural areas as of 2022.

The male population was 1,658,372 (2022) and female population was 1,764,421 (2022). Life expectancy has increased from approximately 74.6 years in 1999 to 78 years in 2022.

The population growth has been steady, with figures ranging from 2,538,779 (1960) to 3,407,062 (2013), with a slight decline in the early 2000s before resuming growth.

### Human Development and Social Indicators

Uruguay's Human Development Index (HDI) has shown consistent improvement, from 0.701 in 1990 to 0.809 in 2021, classifying the country in the "Very High" development category. The Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI) for 2021 is 0.710.

The total fertility rate has declined from 2.266 (1999) to approximately 2.0 (2014), reflecting demographic transition patterns. The suicide rate is 18.8 per 100,000 (2019).

Education is compulsory from ages 6 to 14 (maximum age for compulsory education). The marriageable age is 16 for all genders. The age of majority is 18 years.

### Culture and National Identity

The national anthem is the National Anthem of Uruguay, with audio available at Wikimedia Commons. The flag of Uruguay features nine horizontal stripes of white and blue, with a sun in the corner. The coat of arms includes a shield with symbols representing industry, commerce, and the national motto.

The official name has evolved: "Estado Oriental del Uruguay" (1830-1919) was replaced by "Repúbilca Oriental del Uruguay" (since March 1, 1919), with the current official form being "República Oriental del Uruguay."

National nicknames include "El Paisito" (The Little Country) and "La Suiza de América" (The Switzerland of America), reflecting the country's small size and relative prosperity. The demonym is "Uruguayan" in English, with numerous translations in other languages.

### International Relations and Memberships

Uruguay maintains diplomatic relations with over 50 countries, including Argentina, Brazil, United States, China, Spain, France, United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Chile, Japan, Russia, and many others. The country has been a member of the United Nations since December 18, 1945.

Other major memberships include: World Trade Organization (since 1995), Organization of American States (since 1948), UNESCO (since 1947), International Labour Organization, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (since 1946), International Finance Corporation (since 1968), Interpol (founder member, 1955), and the World Health Organization.

The country was a member of the Union of South American Nations (2011-2020) and participates in Mercosur. Uruguay was on the European Union tax haven blacklist from 2022 to 2023.

### Infrastructure and Standards

The country uses 230-volt electricity at 50 Hz (standardized since 2004). Various plug types are used including Europlug, Type L (Italian standard), and AS/NZS 3112 (Australian/New Zealand standard).

The telephone country code is +598, and the internet top-level domain is .uy. The country uses the ISO 3166 codes UY (alpha-2), URY (alpha-3), and 858 (numeric).

Standard time is UTC−03:00, with IANA timezone database identifier America/Montevideo. The country uses left-hand railway traffic (per German Wikipedia references) and right-hand road traffic.

### Military and Security

The emergency telephone number is 911, serving as the unified emergency services number. Uruguay participates in international peacekeeping missions and maintains professional military forces.

### International Rankings and Recognition

Uruguay has received international recognition for its development achievements:

- The Economist Country of the Year (2013)
- Democracy Index: 8.85 (2021), ranking 13th globally
- BTI Governance Index: 7.39 (2022)
- BTI Status Index: 9.12 (2022)
- Freedom House: Rated as "Free"
- Happy Planet Index: 57.5 (2019)

### Natural Resources and Geography

The country contains significant natural resources including agricultural land, forests, and water resources. The Uruguay River and Río de la Plata provide important waterway access. The highest point, Cerro Catedral, offers recreational opportunities in the Sierra de Carapé range.

The lowest point at sea level (Atlantic Ocean) provides coastal access for trade and tourism. The country's geographic position in the Río de la Plata basin has historically influenced its economic and cultural development.

### Education and Health Systems

The education system requires compulsory schooling from age 6 to 14. The country maintains public universities and educational institutions. Health indicators show life expectancy of 78 years (2022), with the country investing significantly in public health infrastructure.

### Sports and Recreation

Football (soccer) is the most popular sport, with Uruguay having won multiple FIFA World Cup titles. The country has produced internationally renowned players and maintains strong sporting traditions.

### Communications and Media

The country code for international calls is +598. The internet domain is .uy. Various media outlets operate domestically, and the country has active social media presence with subreddits and topic pages on major platforms.

### Cultural Heritage

Uruguay has a rich cultural heritage influenced by European immigration, particularly from Spain and Italy, as well as indigenous and African contributions. The country is known for its literary traditions, tango and candombe music, and distinctive architectural heritage in Montevideo.

The national flag features nine stripes and a sun, while the coat of arms incorporates symbols representing different aspects of national life. Public holidays reflect both religious and secular traditions, including Carnival, Easter, and national commemorations.

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4. [Ley N° 1757. DIVISION ADMINISTRATIVA. DEPARTAMENTO DE ARTIGAS. DEPARTAMENTO DE RIVERA. CREACION. National Directorate of Official Printings and Publications](https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/1757-1884)
5. [Ley N° 1854. DIVISION ADMINISTRATIVA. DEPARTAMENTO DE FLORES. CREACION. National Directorate of Official Printings and Publications](https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/1854-1885)
6. [Ley N° 493. DIVISION ADMINISTRATIVA. DEPARTAMENTO DE FLORIDA. CREACION. National Directorate of Official Printings and Publications](http://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/493-1856)
7. [Ley N° 158. DIVISION TERRITORIAL. Creación de los Departamentos de Salto, Tacuarembó y Minas. National Directorate of Official Printings and Publications](https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/158-1837)
8. [Ley N° 1475. DIVISION ADMINISTRATIVA. DEPARTAMENTO DE RIO NEGRO. CREACION. National Directorate of Official Printings and Publications](https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/1475-1880)
9. [Ley N° 1474. DIVISION ADMINISTRATIVA. DEPARTAMENTO DE ROCHA. CREACION. National Directorate of Official Printings and Publications](https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/1474-1880)
10. [Ley N° 1754. DIVISION ADMINISTRATIVA. DEPARTAMENTO DE TREINTA Y TRES. CREACION. National Directorate of Official Printings and Publications](https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/1754-1884)
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38. [Instituto Nacional de Estadística. 2023](https://www.gub.uy/instituto-nacional-estadistica/comunicacion/noticias/poblacion-preliminar-3444263-habitantes)
39. [Source](https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI)
40. [Source](http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS)
41. [Source](https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/LUR@WEO/URY?zoom=URY&highlight=URY)
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45. [Source](https://esadir.cat/Toponims/Toponims_del_mon/America/Uruguai)
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50. [UNESCO Institute for Statistics](http://data.uis.unesco.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=DEMO_DS)