# Unit 731

> chemical and biological warfare research and development unit of the Imperial Japanese Army (1935-1945)

**Wikidata**: [Q378835](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378835)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_731)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/unit-731


## References

1. Unit 731: Where Entomology Became Evil
2. [Japanese veteran admits vivisection tests on PoWs](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/nov/27/secondworldwar.japan)
3. [Source](https://www.lit.osaka-cu.ac.jp/user/tsuchiya/gyoseki/presentation/2014ShakaiIgakukai.pdf)
4. [Japanese doctors' experimentation in wartime China. 2002](https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(02)11797-1/fulltext)
5. [The Medical Experiments of Unit 731 · Speaking Out About Genocide: The Voices of Survivors, Upstanders, and Experts · USF Libraries Exhibits](https://web.archive.org/web/20240430230209/https://usflibexhibits.omeka.net/exhibits/show/speakingout1/interviewees/chang/4024f)
6. [Veterans reveal the horrifying human experiments of Japan's top-secret biological warfare facility Unit 731. 2024](https://www.unilad.com/news/world-news/japan-unit-731-human-experiments-secret-biological-warfare-531487-20240707)
7. [Mysterious skulls and skeletons unearthed 35 years ago could be linked to notorious war crimes, Japanese activists say - CBS News. 2024](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mysterious-bones-possible-evidence-japanese-war-crimes-unit-731/)
8. [World War II: The horror of war in pictures | Holocaust, Firebombing of Tokyo. & War Crimes | Britannica](https://www.britannica.com/event/World-War-II-The-horror-of-war-in-pictures-2147312)
9. Former headquarters site of Unit 731
10. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
11. [Japan's Hellish Unit 731](https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/article/japans-hellish-unit-731/)
12. [From Guilt to Sickness, Part I: Looking for Plague in All the Right Places - Journal #42](https://www.e-flux.com/journal/42/60261/from-guilt-to-sickness-part-i-looking-for-plague-in-all-the-right-places/)
13. [The Bacteriological Warfare on China](https://www.pacificatrocities.org/the-bacteriological-warfare-on-china.html)
14. [Germ Warfare Attacks](https://www.pacificatrocities.org/germ-warfare-attacks.html)
15. [Wayback Machine. 2023](https://web.archive.org/web/20230606230909/http://www.anti731saikinsen.net/731/shinsou/index.html)
16. [Source](http://www.sciencehistory.url.tw/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/08%E8%AB%96%E6%96%874-1021-%E4%BD%95%E9%82%A6%E7%AB%8B-%E6%97%A5%E8%BB%8D%E5%9C%A8%E5%B8%B8%E5%BE%B7%E7%9A%84%E7%B4%B0%E8%8F%8C%E6%88%B0.pdf)
17. [Japan guilty of germ warfare against thousands of Chinese. 2002](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/aug/28/artsandhumanities.japan)
18. [Changde_chemical_weapon_attack](https://www.chemeurope.com/en/encyclopedia/Changde_chemical_weapon_attack.html)
19. [United States Responses to Japanese Wartime Inhuman Experimentation after World War II: National Security and Wartime Exigency. U.S. Responses to Japanese Wartime Inhuman Experimentation after World War II](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4487829/)
20. [The Unspeakable Things That Happened In Unit 731 - YouTube. 2024](https://web.archive.org/web/20240405101555/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-BpKixUKbU8)
21. [The Inherited “Results” of the Imperial Japanese Army’s Experiments on Human Beings - International Viewpoint - online socialist magazine. 2023](https://internationalviewpoint.org/spip.php?article8244)
22. [Factories of Death: Japanese Biological Warfare, 1932-45 and the American Cover-Up. 2002](https://www.amazon.com/Factories-Death-Japanese-Biological-American/dp/0415932149)
23. [Japan's Infamous Unit 731: Firsthand Accounts of Japan's Wartime Human Experimentation Program. Japan's Infamous Unit 731: Firsthand Accounts of Japan's Wartime Human Experimentation Program. 2019](https://www.amazon.com/Japans-Infamous-Unit-731-Experimentation-dp-0804852197/dp/0804852197/)
24. [Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists - Google Books. 1989](https://web.archive.org/web/20240415044046/https://books.google.com/books?id=8wUAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA47&dq=unit+731&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjGndiXqsOFAxVVH0QIHc61CGUQ6AF6BAgoEAI#v=onepage&q=unit%20731&f=false)
25. Unit 731: Japan's secret biological warfare in World War II. 1989
26. [Japan's germ warfare: The U.S. cover-up of a war crime. Japan's germ warfare: The U.S. cover-up of a war crime](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14672715.1980.10405225)
27. Hidden atrocities: Japanese germ warfare and American obstruction of justice at the Tokyo trial. 2017
28. [The 1925 Geneva Protocol: China’s CBW Charges Against Japan at the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal. The 1925 Geneva Protocol: China’s CBW Charges Against Japan at the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal](https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-51664-6_15)
29. [731免責の系譜: 細菌戦部隊と秘蔵のファイル. 1999](https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/4535582602)
30. [「飽食した悪魔」の戦後：７３１部隊と二木秀雄『政界ジープ』. 2017](https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/4763408097)
31. Researching Japanese war crimes records: introductory essays. 2006
32. [1995](https://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/17/world/unmasking-horror-a-special-report-japan-confronting-gruesome-war-atrocity.html)
33. [A New Look at Japan's Wartime Atrocities and a U.S. Cover-Up. 2015](https://archive.nytimes.com/sinosphere.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/10/21/china-unit-731-japan-war-crimes-biological/)
34. [Dr Ishii gets away with it. 1994](https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v16/n11/ian-buruma/dr-ishii-gets-away-with-it)
35. [China's Trauma: Seventy Years after the 'Rape of Nanking'. 2007](https://www.spiegel.de/international/world/china-s-trauma-seventy-years-after-the-rape-of-nanking-a-523453.html)
36. [「７３１部隊全史」書評 反省しない組織 精度高く描く｜好書好日. 2022](https://web.archive.org/web/20240203073619/https://book.asahi.com/article/14569904)
37. [The Medical Experiments of Unit 731 · Speaking Out About Genocide: The Voices of Survivors, Upstanders, and Experts · USF Libraries Exhibits](https://usflibexhibits.omeka.net/exhibits/show/speakingout1/interviewees/chang/4024f)
38. [Pardoning Devils: The American Cover Up of Imperial Japanese Unit 731. 2021](https://medium.com/leadership-counts/pardoning-devils-the-american-cover-up-of-imperial-japanese-unit-731-504f966cf08d)
39. [Tokyo Tribunal and the War Crimes of Unit 731](https://www.pacificatrocities.org/blog/tokyo-tribunal-and-the-war-crimes-of-unit-731)
40. [For Japanese Unit 731 survivor, speaking truth carries a cost. 2024](https://www.voanews.com/a/for-japanese-unit-731-survivor-speaking-truth-carries-a-cost-/7841643.html)
41. [ＮＨＫスペシャル ７３１部隊の真実～エリート医学者と人体実験～｜番組｜NHKアーカイブス](https://www2.nhk.or.jp/archives/movies/?id=D0009050802_00000)
42. [Unit 731: Japan discloses details of notorious chemical warfare division. 2018](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/17/japan-unit-731-imperial-army-second-world-war)
43. Factories of death: Japanese biological warfare, 1932-45, and the American cover-up
44. [Unit 731 - Nuclear Museum. 2018](https://ahf.nuclearmuseum.org/ahf/history/unit-731/#:~:text=Upon%20the%20formal%20surrender%20of,apologize%20for%20what%20had%20happened.)
45. [特集(2)講演録 731部隊の戦後と医の倫理 青木冨喜子氏（作家・ジャーナリスト）. 2015](https://healthnet.jp/paper/2015%E5%B9%B4/%E7%AC%AC2938%E5%8F%B7%E3%80%802015%E5%B9%B48%E6%9C%8820%E6%97%A5/%E7%89%B9%E9%9B%862%E8%AC%9B%E6%BC%94%E9%8C%B2%E3%80%80731%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E5%BE%8C%E3%81%A8%E5%8C%BB%E3%81%AE%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86%E3%80%80%E9%9D%92%E6%9C%A8%E5%86%A8%E5%96%9C/)
46. [1998](https://koara.lib.keio.ac.jp/xoonips/modules/xoonips/download.php/AN00234610-19980701-0071.pdf?file_id=87260)
47. [The shameful and harrowing story Unit 731 - Stuff You Should Know. 2024](https://www.iheart.com/podcast/105-stuff-you-should-know-26940277/episode/the-shameful-and-harrowing-story-unit-180377854/)
48. [Human Experimentation at Unit 731](https://www.pacificatrocities.org/human-experimentation.html)
49. [旧日本軍「731部隊」職員表など公式文書見つかる | NHK. 2023](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20230821/k10014169671000.html)
50. [Personnel of Unit 731](https://www.pacificatrocities.org/personnel-of-unit731.html)