# Turing

> programming language

**Wikidata**: [Q490481](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490481)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_(programming_language))  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/turing

## Summary
Turing is a programming language named after Alan Turing. Developed in Canada and released in 1982, it was designed by computer scientists Ric Holt and James Cordy. The language supports both object-oriented and procedural programming paradigms.

## Key Facts
- **Type:** Programming language
- **Inception:** 1982
- **Country:** Canada
- **Designed By:** Ric Holt and James Cordy
- **Developer:** Holt Software Associates
- **Operating System:** Microsoft Windows
- **Typing Discipline:** Static typing, manifest typing
- **Programming Paradigm:** Object-oriented programming, procedural programming
- **Named After:** Alan Turing
- **Influenced By:** Euclid, SP/k
- **Library of Congress Authority ID:** sh85138777

## FAQs
### Q: Who created the Turing programming language?
A: Turing was designed by Canadian computer scientists Ric Holt and James Cordy. It was developed by Holt Software Associates.

### Q: When was the Turing programming language released?
A: The language has an inception date of 1982.

### Q: What are the main features of the Turing programming language?
A: Turing utilizes a static and manifest typing discipline. It supports both object-oriented and procedural programming paradigms.

## Why It Matters
Turing serves as a notable example of early 1980s programming language design developed within Canada. Created by Holt Software Associates, it provided a platform for software development on Microsoft Windows, adhering to specific structural disciplines like manifest and static typing. Its design was influenced by predecessors such as Euclid and SP/k, the latter of which was a subset of PL/I developed in 1974. By combining procedural and object-oriented capabilities, Turing offered a versatile tool for programmers of that era, honoring the legacy of Alan Turing through its namesake.

## Notable For
- Being a Canadian programming language developed in the early 1980s.
- Combining object-oriented and procedural programming paradigms.
- Using a manifest typing discipline, where variable types are explicitly declared.
- Being named after Alan Turing, a pioneer of computer science.
- Drawing influence from the SP/k and Euclid programming languages.

## Body

### Origins and Design
Turing is a programming language that originated in Canada in 1982. The language was designed by Ric Holt and James Cordy, both prominent figures in computer science and engineering. Holt, born in 1941, and Cordy, born in 1950, brought significant academic and practical experience to the language's development. The project was undertaken by Holt Software Associates.

### Technical Specifications
The language is classified as a statically typed language, specifically utilizing manifest typing. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including:
- **Procedural Programming:** Allowing programs to be structured as procedures or routines.
- **Object-Oriented Programming:** Enabling the use of objects, classes, and inheritance.

Turing runs on the Microsoft Windows operating system family.

### Historical Context and Influences
Turing's design was not isolated; it was influenced by earlier languages, specifically **SP/k** and **Euclid**.
- **SP/k:** A subset of the PL/I programming language, developed circa 1974.
- **Euclid:** Another influence cited in the language's development.

The language holds identifiers in various knowledge bases, including a GND ID of 4389194-9, a FAST ID of 1159282, and a Microsoft Academic ID of 9870796.

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## References

1. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
2. National Library of Israel Names and Subjects Authority File
3. [OpenAlex](https://docs.openalex.org/download-snapshot/snapshot-data-format)