# Túpac Amaru

> 4th and last Inca Emperor of the Kingdom of Vilcabamba

**Wikidata**: [Q296269](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q296269)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Túpac_Amaru)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/tupac-amaru

## Summary

Túpac Amaru was the 4th and last Inca Emperor of the Kingdom of Vilcabamba, serving as the final sovereign of the independent Inca state following the Spanish conquest of Peru. He is historically significant as the last indigenous ruler to hold the title of Sapa Inca before the complete dissolution of the Inca Empire's political autonomy.

## Biography

- **Nationality**: Inca (Peru)
- **Known for**: Serving as the final Inca Emperor of the independent Kingdom of Vilcabamba; his reign marked the end of indigenous rule in the Andean region
- **Field(s)**: Monarchy/Indigenous Sovereignty
- **Aliases**: Thupa Amaro, Thupaq Amaru, Tupac Amaru, Túpac Amaru I, José Gabriel CONDORCANQUI, Tupac Aymaru

## Contributions

Based on the source material, Túpac Amaru's primary contribution was serving as the final sovereign of the Kingdom of Vilcabamba, the last independent Inca state that resisted Spanish colonial rule after the fall of the Inca Empire. The extent of specific policies, reforms, or achievements during his reign is not detailed in the provided source material.

## FAQs

**Who was Túpac Amaru?**
Túpac Amaru was the 4th and last Inca Emperor of the Kingdom of Vilcabamba, serving as the final sovereign of the independent Inca state before Spanish conquest was completed.

**What was the Kingdom of Vilcabamba?**
The Kingdom of Vilcabamba was the last independent Inca state that maintained sovereignty following the Spanish conquest of Peru, with Túpac Amaru serving as its final emperor.

**How is Túpac Amaru related to Túpac Amaru II?**
Túpac Amaru (also known as Túpac Amaru I) was the 4th and last Inca Emperor of Vilcabamba. Túpac Amaru II (born 1738, died 1781) was a later leader who led a major Andean uprising against Spanish colonial rule and was named after the earlier emperor.

**What is the significance of Túpac Amaru's reign?**
Túpac Amaru's reign represented the final chapter of indigenous Andean sovereignty, marking the end of the Inca Empire's political independence following decades of resistance against Spanish colonization.

## Why They Matter

Túpac Amaru matters historically as the final symbol of indigenous Andean resistance and sovereignty. His position as the last Sapa Inca of Vilcabamba represents the conclusion of a prolonged period of indigenous political autonomy that persisted after the fall of the Inca Empire. The legacy of Túpac Amaru I influenced later resistance movements, most notably inspiring Túpac Amaru II, who led one of the largest Andean uprisings against Spanish colonial rule in the 18th century. Without Túpac Amaru I's historical role as the final independent Inca ruler, the symbolic connection between indigenous sovereignty and resistance to colonialism in the Andes would be fundamentally different.

## Notable For

- Being the 4th and last Inca Emperor of the Kingdom of Vilcabamba
- Serving as the final sovereign of independent Inca rule in the Andean region
- Having his name adopted by later indigenous resistance leaders, most notably Túpac Amaru II
- Representing the end of the Inca political lineage that began with Manco Cápac

## Body

### Identity and Title

Túpac Amaru held the position of Sapa Inca (supreme emperor) of the Kingdom of Vilcabamba, becoming the 4th and final ruler of this last independent Inca state. His aliases include Thupa Amaro, Thupaq Amaru, Tupac Amaru, Túpac Amaru I, José Gabriel CONDORCANQUI, and Tupac Aymaru. The name "Túpac Amaru" would become one of the most enduring symbols of indigenous resistance in South American history.

### Historical Context

The Kingdom of Vilcabamba emerged as the last refuge of Inca resistance following the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire in the 1570s. While the major Inca capitals had fallen to Spanish forces, Vilcabamba maintained its independence for several decades. Túpac Amaru's reign represented the final phase of this resistance before Spanish forces completed their conquest of the Andean region.

### Legacy and Influence

The historical significance of Túpac Amaru extends far beyond his actual reign. His identity as the last Inca emperor became a powerful symbol for indigenous rights movements centuries later. The most notable example is Túpac Amaru II (1738-1781), who led a massive Andean uprising against Spanish colonial rule and adopted the name of the earlier emperor to connect his rebellion to the legacy of indigenous sovereignty. This connection demonstrates how Túpac Amaru I's historical role transformed into a lasting symbol of resistance.

### Connection to Other Entities

Túpac Amaru is connected to several notable entities in the provided source material. As a human being, he represents a member of Homo sapiens. As a sovereign, he held the position of leader of a country—the Kingdom of Vilcabamba. He is related to Túpac Amaru II, the leader of a large Andean uprising against Spanish rule in Peru (1738-1781). Additionally, the name "Amaru" has been applied to biological taxonomy, as evidenced by Anacroneuria amaru, a species of insect, demonstrating how his legacy extends into scientific nomenclature.

## References

1. Virtual International Authority File
2. [Source](http://www.jqjacobs.net/andes/tupac_amaru.html)
3. [Source](https://revistas.unicartagena.edu.co/index.php/visitasalpatio/article/view/4077/3270)
4. [Source](https://trome.com/familia/tupac-amaru-y-jose-olaya-en-yo-te-la-cuento-imp-noticia/)
5. [Source](https://books.google.cat/books?id=T0q_A1BaSVsC&pg=PA1&dq=tupac+amaru+1572+24+september&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjNk6vNnoX6AhWli_0HHSK4D3wQ6AF6BAgEEAI#v=onepage&f=false)
6. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
7. IdRef
8. CERL Thesaurus