# Tullio Levi-Civita

> Italian mathematician and physicist (1873–1941)

**Wikidata**: [Q353438](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353438)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tullio_Levi-Civita)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/tullio-levi-civita

## Summary
Tullio Levi-Civita was an Italian mathematician and physicist (1873–1941) best known for his contributions to differential geometry, particularly the development of the Levi-Civita connection, a unique torsion-free affine connection that preserves a given pseudo-Riemannian metric. His work laid foundational groundwork in modern geometric analysis.

## Biography
- Born: 1873
- Nationality: Italian
- Education: Degrees and institutions not specified in the provided source material.
- Known for: Developing the Levi-Civita connection in differential geometry.
- Employer(s): Affiliations not specified in the provided source material.
- Field(s): Differential geometry, physics

## Contributions
- **Levi-Civita Connection (1917)**: Introduced a torsion-free affine connection that preserves a pseudo-Riemannian metric, a cornerstone in modern geometric analysis.
- **Levi-Civita Symbol**: Defined an antisymmetric permutation object acting on tensors, contributing to tensor calculus.
- **Named Entities**: The asteroid 12473 Levi-Civita and the lunar crater Levi-Civita are named in his honor.

## FAQs
- **What was Tullio Levi-Civita known for?** He is known for the Levi-Civita connection in differential geometry and the Levi-Civita symbol in tensor calculus.
- **Where is Tullio Levi-Civita buried or commemorated?** The lunar crater Levi-Civita and asteroid 12473 Levi-Civita bear his name.
- **What mathematical objects are named after him?** The Levi-Civita connection and Levi-Civita symbol are named after him.

## Why They Matter
Levi-Civita's work in differential geometry provided essential tools for modern physics and mathematics, particularly in general relativity and tensor analysis. His contributions remain foundational in geometric analysis, influencing later developments in differential geometry and mathematical physics.

## Notable For
- Developed the Levi-Civita connection, a key tool in differential geometry.
- Introduced the Levi-Civita symbol in tensor calculus.
- Named celestial bodies: asteroid 12473 Levi-Civita and lunar crater Levi-Civita.

## Body
### Early Life and Education
Tullio Levi-Civita was born in 1873. His early education and institutional affiliations are not detailed in the provided source material.

### Mathematical Contributions
Levi-Civita's most significant contribution was the **Levi-Civita connection**, a torsion-free affine connection that preserves a pseudo-Riemannian metric. This work was published in 1917 and remains a fundamental concept in differential geometry. Additionally, he defined the **Levi-Civita symbol**, an antisymmetric permutation object used in tensor calculus.

### Named Entities
The asteroid **12473 Levi-Civita** and the lunar crater **Levi-Civita** are named in his honor, reflecting his lasting impact on astronomy and planetary science.

### Legacy
Levi-Civita's work in differential geometry and tensor analysis laid the groundwork for modern geometric analysis, influencing later developments in general relativity and mathematical physics. His contributions continue to be referenced in advanced mathematical and physical theories.

## References

1. Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1969–1978)
2. www.accademiadellescienze.it
3. Tullio Levi-Civita
4. BnF authorities
5. Integrated Authority File
6. LIBRIS. 2014
7. [Source](https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-40082-2_9)
8. MacTutor History of Mathematics archive
9. [Liste des docteurs honoris causa de l'Université de Paris de 1918 à 1933 inclus. Annales de l'Université de Paris. 1934](https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k93885z/f95.item)
10. [Source](https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsbm.1942.0013)
11. Mathematics Genealogy Project
12. International Standard Name Identifier
13. Virtual International Authority File
14. CiNii Research
15. Q137732450
16. www.pas.va
17. SNAC
18. KNAW Past Members
19. Brockhaus Enzyklopädie
20. Croatian Encyclopedia
21. La France savante
22. Tullio Levi-Civita. 1873-1941
23. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
24. [Source](http://digitale.beic.it/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?fn=search&vid=BEIC&vl%283134987UI0%29=creator&vl%28freeText0%29=Levi-Civita%20Tullio)
25. CONOR.SI
26. Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
27. Treccani's Enciclopedia on line
28. Enciclopedia Treccani