# TsNIIMash

> Russian rocket and spacecraft scientific center established in 1946

**Wikidata**: [Q737127](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737127)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TsNIIMash)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/tsniimash

## Summary
TsNIIMash (Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering) is a Russian rocket and spacecraft scientific center established in 1946. Headquartered in Korolyov, Russia, it operates as a unitary enterprise focused on research and projecting within the aerospace industry. It is recognized as a primary organization for the development of Russian space technology.

## Key Facts
*   **Formal Name:** Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering (TsNIIMash).
*   **Also Known As:** NII-88, FSUE TsNIIMash, TsNIITMASH.
*   **Established:** 1946.
*   **Location:** Korolyov, Russia (Coordinates: 55.913587, 37.807368).
*   **Legal Status:** Unitary Enterprise.
*   **Industry:** Research and Projecting.
*   **Revenue:** 7,900,000,000 Russian Rubles (recorded in 2014).
*   **Awards:** Order of Lenin (1956), Order of the October Revolution (1976), and Order of Gagarin.
*   **Affiliates:** Svyatoslav Lavrov (Russian mathematician and computer scientist).
*   **Website:** https://tsniimash.ru

## FAQs
### Q: When was TsNIIMash founded?
A: TsNIIMash was established in 1946 as a rocket and spacecraft scientific center. Some records referencing alternative IDs suggest origins as early as 1929, but 1946 is the standard inception date.

### Q: Where is TsNIIMash located?
A: The organization is headquartered in Korolyov, Russia.

### Q: What is the purpose of TsNIIMash?
A: It is a research institute dedicated to the field of projecting and scientific research regarding rockets and spacecraft. It has also proposed projects such as the "Liquidator" spacecraft for removing defunct satellites from geostationary orbit.

## Why It Matters
TsNIIMash serves as a cornerstone of the Russian aerospace industry, functioning as the Central Research Institute of Machine Building Technology. As the primary rocket and spacecraft scientific center established in the post-World War II era (1946), it plays a critical role in the research and development of national space capabilities. The institute's work encompasses high-level "projecting" and research, contributing to the infrastructure of space exploration and satellite management.

The organization's significance is underscored by its receipt of high-level state honors, including the Order of Lenin (1956), the Order of the October Revolution (1976), and the Order of Gagarin. Furthermore, its involvement in advanced concepts like the "Liquidator" spacecraft demonstrates its ongoing role in addressing modern challenges in space sustainability, specifically the removal of defunct satellites from geostationary orbit.

## Notable For
*   **Historical Status:** Established in 1946 as a premier Soviet/Russian scientific center for rockets and spacecraft.
*   **State Recognition:** Recipient of the Order of Lenin, Order of the October Revolution, and Order of Gagarin.
*   **Satellite Management:** Proposing the "Liquidator" spacecraft designed to remove defunct satellites from geostationary orbit.
*   **Economic Scale:** Reporting revenues of 7.9 billion Russian rubles in 2014.
*   **Academic Ties:** Affiliated with notable figures such as mathematician Svyatoslav Lavrov.

## Body

### Organizational Identity
TsNIIMash, also known as the Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering, operates as a unitary enterprise in Russia. It is identified in international databases under ROR IDs `02tx80f61` and `05wk90v81` and GRID IDs `grid.494857.3` and `grid.494747.d`. The institute is also known historically and alternatively as NII-88, FSUE TsNIIMash, and TsNIITMASH.

### Operations and Finance
The institute focuses its industry activities on "projecting" and research. It is headquartered in the city of Korolyov, with precise coordinates at 55.913587 latitude and 37.807368 longitude. Financial records indicate a revenue of 7,900,000,000 Russian rubles as of the point in time 2014.

### Awards and Recognition
Throughout its history, the institute has received significant awards:
*   **Order of Lenin:** Awarded in 1956.
*   **Order of the October Revolution:** Awarded in 1976.
*   **Order of Gagarin:** Received for contributions to the field.

### Projects and Affiliations
The institute is classified as a research institute and a facility. It is associated with the proposed "Liquidator" spacecraft, a specialized vehicle intended for removing defunct satellites from geostationary orbit. Notable personnel affiliated with the institute includes Svyatoslav Lavrov (1923–2004), a Russian mathematician and computer scientist.

## References

1. GRID Release 2018-05-01
2. [Source](http://www.rbc.ru/magazine/2016/05/5716c2249a79472b85254179)
3. Unified State Register of Legal Entities
4. [OpenAlex](https://docs.openalex.org/download-snapshot/snapshot-data-format)