# Treaty of offensive and defensive alliance concluded between Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula and the Rohilla Chiefs **Wikidata**: [Q100600663](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q100600663) **Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/treaty-of-offensive-and-defensive-alliance-concluded-between-nawab-shuja-ud-daula-and-the-rohilla-chiefs ## Summary The Treaty of offensive and defensive alliance concluded between Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula and the Rohilla Chiefs is a formal international agreement signed on July 13, 1772, within the Mughal Empire. As a treaty, it functions as an express agreement between nations under international law, establishing binding obligations and commitments between the Nawab and the Rohilla leadership. ## Key Facts - **Date of Conclusion:** July 13, 1772 - **Signatories:** Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula and the Rohilla Chiefs - **Geopolitical Context:** Mughal Empire - **Legal Classification:** Treaty (express agreement between nations under international law) - **General Class Identifiers:** Wikidata Q6469367, BNCF 9053, GND 4063696-3 - **Academic Categorization:** Dewey Decimal 341.37; Library of Congress KZ1298-KZ1304 - **Broader Category:** Subclass of agreement (Q2635077) and Q68619446 - **Reference Authority:** Classified under property P1417 with reference to Malcolm Shaw ## FAQs - **When was the treaty between Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula and the Rohilla Chiefs concluded?** The treaty was formally concluded on July 13, 1772. It was established within the sovereign context of the Mughal Empire. - **What is the legal definition of this agreement?** This document is defined as a treaty, which is an express agreement between nations under international law. It serves as a formal arrangement that binds states to specific mutual obligations. - **How is this type of treaty classified in academic systems?** Treaties of this nature are indexed under the Dewey Decimal system as 341.37 and the Library of Congress classification KZ1298-KZ1304. They are also associated with EuroVoc ID 3461 and the UK Parliament thesaurus ID 93339. - **What languages and documentation formats are associated with treaties?** Treaty documentation is available across 67 languages and is supported by various media, including spoken text audio in Portuguese. They are categorized in systems like the ODLIS classification and the JSTOR topic ID for international agreements. ## Why It Matters Treaties like the one concluded between Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula and the Rohilla Chiefs are fundamental to international relations, providing a structured mechanism for states to enter into binding agreements. They serve as the primary instrument for establishing diplomatic relations, resolving regional conflicts, and coordinating military or political cooperation. By creating legal certainty and enforceability across borders, these agreements form the foundation of international law and promote stability within the international system. They establish the principles and norms that govern state behavior, serving as essential tools for global governance and peace. ## Notable For - **Historical Specificity:** Concluded on the precise date of July 13, 1772, during the Mughal era. - **Formal Alliance:** Established both offensive and defensive military obligations between the Nawab of Awadh and Rohilla leaders. - **International Legal Status:** Recognized as a formal "treaty" class entity, distinguishing it from informal pacts or local arrangements. - **Standardized Indexing:** Part of a global knowledge framework that includes identifiers from the Library of Congress, the Great Russian Encyclopedia, and the British National Central Library (BNCF). ## Body ### Historical and Legal Context The Treaty of offensive and defensive alliance concluded between Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula and the Rohilla Chiefs was established on July 13, 1772. Situated within the Mughal Empire, this agreement is classified as a treaty (Q6469367), which Malcolm Shaw defines as an express agreement between nations under international law. This specific alliance is a subclass of the broader category of agreements (Q2635077) and is documented as a formal legal instrument binding the involved parties to specific commitments. ### Classification and Academic Framework Treaties are organized through several rigorous classification systems: - **Library of Congress:** Classified under KZ1298-KZ1304 and genre/form term gf2011026707. - **Dewey Decimal System:** Categorized under 341.37. - **Thesaurus Identifiers:** Associated with the BNCF thesaurus (9053), UNBIS thesaurus (1006683), and the UK Parliament thesaurus (93339). - **Economic and Technical IDs:** Linked to the STW thesaurus for economics (16184-5) and the ACM classification code 10003471. ### Global Documentation and Accessibility The concept of the treaty is represented globally across 67 Wikipedia languages, including English, French, German, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Japanese. This extensive coverage is supplemented by digital identifiers such as the Freebase ID /m/07h93 and the Kbpedia ID for Treaty (Q64139102). Documentation often includes multilingual resources, such as spoken audio files in Portuguese and specialized entries in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia and the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary. ### Related International Instruments As a member of the "treaty" class, this agreement shares a conceptual framework with other significant historical documents. These include: - The Original Geneva Conventions - The SALT II agreements (signed by Carter and Brezhnev) - The Union of Utrecht These examples illustrate the treaty's role as a primary mechanism for international cooperation and conflict resolution. ### Research and Reference Systems The treaty is covered extensively in academic and policy databases: - **JSTOR:** Features a dedicated topic ID for treaties and international agreements. - **Analysis & Policy Observatory:** Term ID 20554. - **Thesaurus Systems:** Referenced in the Pactols thesaurus (pcrtSRpmufgSZR), Le Monde Diplomatique (sujet/accordinternational), and the Cultureel Woordenboek. - **National Archives:** Associated with U.S. National Archives identifiers 10661986 and 10644101. ### Digital and Media Representation The treaty entity is connected to various digital properties and media categories: - **Property P9084:** Associated with "agreements-and-treaties." - **Property P11514:** mezhdunarodnyi-dogovor-63e9ee. - **Property P12385:** conveni-international. - **Visuals:** Represented in Wikimedia Commons through categories documenting historical signing events and original treaty manuscripts. - **Social Knowledge:** Features a dedicated Quora topic page for public and academic discussion.