# Training neural networks with end-to-end optical backpropagation

> Research article (Advanced Photonics, 2025) · cited 20× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4407132569](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4407132569)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/training-neural-networks-with-end-to-end-optical-backpropagation