# Toward Hardware-Efficient Optical Neural Networks: Beyond FFT Architecture via Joint Learnability

> Research article (IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 2020) · cited 31× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W3089779975](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W3089779975)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/toward-hardware-efficient-optical-neural-networks-beyond-fft-architecture-via-joint-learnability