# Three-dimensional hydrogel membranes for boosting osmotic energy conversion: Spatial confinement and charge regulation induced by zirconium ion crosslinking

> Research article (Nano Today, 2024) · cited 35× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4401941994](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4401941994)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/three-dimensional-hydrogel-membranes-for-boosting-osmotic-energy-conversion-spatial-confinement-and-charge-regulation-in