# The Validity of Sentiment Analysis: Comparing Manual Annotation, Crowd-Coding, Dictionary Approaches, and Machine Learning Algorithms

> Research article (Communication Methods and Measures, 2021) · cited 377× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W3128553165](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W3128553165)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/the-validity-of-sentiment-analysis-comparing-manual-annotation-crowd-coding-dictionary-approaches-and-machine-learning-a