# The Switch, the Ladder, and the Matrix: Models for Classifying AI Systems

> Research article (Minds and Machines, 2023) · cited 15× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4313595305](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4313595305)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/the-switch-the-ladder-and-the-matrix-models-for-classifying-ai-systems