# The sound of silence in association football: Home advantage and referee bias decrease in matches played without spectators

> Research article (European Journal of Sport Science, 2020) · cited 94× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W3096531676](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W3096531676)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/the-sound-of-silence-in-association-football-home-advantage-and-referee-bias-decrease-in-matches-played-without-spectato