# The Epistemic Cost of Opacity: How the Use of Artificial Intelligence Undermines the Knowledge of Medical Doctors in High-Stakes Contexts

> Research article (Philosophy & Technology, 2025) · cited 10× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4406334317](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4406334317)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/the-epistemic-cost-of-opacity-how-the-use-of-artificial-intelligence-undermines-the-knowledge-of-medical-doctors-in-high