# Testing machine learning based systems: a systematic mapping

> Research article (Empirical Software Engineering, 2020) · cited 233× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W3087720408](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W3087720408)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/testing-machine-learning-based-systems-a-systematic-mapping