# Surrogates

> 2009 American science fiction action film by Jonathan Mostow

**Wikidata**: [Q577475](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577475)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogates)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/surrogates

## Summary
*Surrogates* is a 2009 American science fiction action film directed by Jonathan Mostow. It blends elements of psychological thriller, mystery, and action, produced by Touchstone Pictures and Mandeville Films. The film was released on multiple dates across different regions, including November 20, 2009, and January 21, 2010.

## Key Facts
- **Publication Date**: Released on November 20, 2009, October 1, 2009, and January 21, 2010, in various regions.
- **Director**: Jonathan Mostow.
- **Production Companies**: Touchstone Pictures (founded February 15, 1984) and Mandeville Films (founded in 1994).
- **Genre**: Science fiction film, psychological thriller, action film, and mystery film.
- **Country of Origin**: United States (independent since July 4, 1776, and recognized by other nations on May 12, 1784).
- **Wikidata Description**: "2009 American science fiction action film by Jonathan Mostow."
- **Sitelink Count**: 34 (indicating its presence across 34 language editions of Wikipedia).

## FAQs
**What genre does *Surrogates* belong to?**
*Surrogates* is classified as a science fiction film, psychological thriller, action film, and mystery film. These genres blend futuristic themes with suspenseful and investigative elements.

**Who directed *Surrogates*?**
The film was directed by Jonathan Mostow, a filmmaker known for his work in science fiction and action genres.

**Which production companies were involved in *Surrogates*?**
*Surrogates* was produced by Touchstone Pictures (established in 1984) and Mandeville Films (founded in 1994), both American companies based in the United States.

**When was *Surrogates* released?**
The film was released on different dates in various regions: November 20, 2009, October 1, 2009, and January 21, 2010.

## Why It Matters
*Surrogates* contributes to the science fiction and action film genres by exploring themes of identity, technology, and human interaction in a futuristic setting. As a psychological thriller and mystery film, it engages audiences with suspenseful storytelling and unresolved questions. Its production by established companies like Touchstone Pictures and Mandeville Films underscores its commercial and artistic significance. The film’s release dates across different regions highlight its global appeal and distribution strategy.

## Notable For
- **Genre Blending**: *Surrogates* uniquely combines science fiction, psychological thriller, action, and mystery elements, setting it apart from films that focus on a single genre.
- **Production Partnership**: The collaboration between Touchstone Pictures and Mandeville Films demonstrates the film’s backing by major and independent production houses.
- **International Release**: Its release on multiple dates in different regions reflects its broad distribution and cultural impact.

## Body
### Overview
*Surrogates* is a 2009 American film that merges science fiction, psychological thriller, action, and mystery genres. Directed by Jonathan Mostow, the film was produced by Touchstone Pictures and Mandeville Films, both American companies based in the United States. The film was released on November 20, 2009, October 1, 2009, and January 21, 2010, in various regions.

### Genre and Style
The film is classified as a science fiction film, psychological thriller, action film, and mystery film. This genre blend allows *Surrogates* to explore futuristic themes while maintaining suspenseful and investigative elements. The psychological thriller aspect adds layers of intrigue, while the mystery genre keeps audiences engaged with unresolved questions.

### Production and Release
*Surrogates* was produced by Touchstone Pictures, a company founded in 1984, and Mandeville Films, established in 1994. Both companies are based in the United States and operate within the film production industry. The film’s release dates—November 20, 2009, October 1, 2009, and January 21, 2010—vary by region, indicating a strategic distribution approach.

### Cultural and Historical Context
The film’s production and release within the United States reflect its alignment with American cinema. The country’s independence, declared on July 4, 1776, and recognized internationally on May 12, 1784, provides a historical backdrop for the film’s cultural significance. The presence of *Surrogates* across 34 Wikipedia language editions highlights its global recognition and relevance.

### Related Entities
- **Touchstone Pictures**: Founded in 1984, this company is headquartered in the United States and operates in the film production industry.
- **Mandeville Films**: Established in 1994, this company is also based in the United States and specializes in film production.
- **United States**: The country of origin for *Surrogates*, with a rich history of filmmaking and cultural influence.

### Conclusion
*Surrogates* stands out as a film that successfully blends multiple genres, reflecting its innovative approach to storytelling. Its production by established companies and international release dates underscore its commercial and artistic value. The film’s presence in various cultural contexts further emphasizes its significance in the film industry.

## References

1. [Source](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0986263/)
2. [Source](http://stopklatka.pl/film/surogaci)
3. [Source](http://www.interfilmes.com/filme_20964_substitutos.html%E2%80%8E)
4. [Source](http://www.adorocinema.com/filmes/filme-127136/)
5. [Source](http://www.filmaffinity.com/es/film327768.html)
6. [Source](http://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=127136.html)
7. [Source](http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Surrogates-The#tab=video-sales)
8. [Source](http://www.metacritic.com/movie/surrogates)
9. [Source](https://www.filmaffinity.com/en/film327768.html)
10. [Source](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0986263/fullcredits)
11. Česko-Slovenská filmová databáze
12. The Movie Database
13. Surrogates. Rotten Tomatoes
14. Disney unveils 2009 schedule
15. [Source](http://nmhh.hu/dokumentum/158984/2009_filmbemutatok_osszes.xls)
16. [Source](http://www.kinokalender.com/film7347_surrogates-mein-zweites-ich.html)
17. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
18. [Source](http://www.seeing-stars.com/Meet/MoviePremierePressReleases/Surrogates.shtml)
19. BBC Things
20. Kinopoisk
21. [Source](https://www.kijkwijzer.nl/films/surrogates/)
22. terjesztesre_kerulo_filmalkotasok_nyilvantartasa.xlsx
23. AlloCiné
24. List of film licenses issued from 1945 to 2020
25. [Source](https://www.eirin.jp/list/index.php?s_year=2009&s_month=9&e_year=2009&e_month=9&pageID=1)
26. film distribution certificate
27. Cineplex
28. Bechdel Test Movie List
29. mymovies.it
30. [Source](https://ui.eidr.org/view/content?id=10.5240/0632-14AD-EC32-EC0B-6A7B-M)
31. Danish Film Database
32. TheTVDB
33. Trakt.tv
34. FilmVandaag.nl