# Sumatra

> island in western Indonesia, westernmost of the Sunda Islands

**Wikidata**: [Q3492](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/sumatra

## Summary
Sumatra is an island in western Indonesia and the westernmost of the Sunda Islands. It is a major landmass within the Indonesian archipelago, situated geographically at approximately -0.298888888888889 latitude and 101.270830555556 longitude.

## Key Facts
- **Location:** Western Indonesia; westernmost of the Sunda Islands.
- **Geographic Group:** Part of the Greater Sunda Islands.
- **Coordinates:** Latitude -0.298888888888889, Longitude 101.270830555556.
- **Country:** Indonesia (sovereign state in Southeast Asia and Oceania).
- **Population Estimates:** Various figures include 50,365,538; 60,000,000; 20,808,148; 28,016,160; 36,506,703; and 42,616,164.
- **Aliases:** Sumatera, Pulau Sumatera, Sumatra Island, Andalas.
- **Notable Geography:** Includes Bukit Daun mountain and Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (established 1982).
- **Related Islands:** Bangkaru Island, Tuangku Island, Krakatau Island, and Gersik Island.
- **Native Species:** Sumatran porcupine (mammal), Ichthyophis sumatranus (amphibian).
- **Domestic Breed:** Sumatra (breed of chicken).
- **Time Zone:** Indonesia Western Standard Time (WIB), UTC+7.

## FAQs
**Where is Sumatra located?**
Sumatra is located in western Indonesia and is defined as the westernmost island in the Sunda Islands group.

**What is the population of Sumatra?**
Multiple population estimates exist for the island, ranging from approximately 20.8 million to 60 million, with specific recorded figures including 50,365,538 and 42,616,164.

**What country does Sumatra belong to?**
Sumatra is part of Indonesia, a unitary presidential constitutional republic and the world's largest archipelagic state.

**What are some notable physical features on Sumatra?**
The island features Bukit Daun, a notable mountain, and the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, which was established in 1982.

**What species are associated with Sumatra?**
The island is home to the Sumatran porcupine (a mammal) and Ichthyophis sumatranus (an amphibian), as well as being the origin of the Sumatra breed of chicken.

## Why It Matters
Sumatra is a critical component of Indonesia, the world's largest archipelagic state, which serves as a geopolitical anchor in Southeast Asia controlling key maritime trade routes between the Pacific and Indian Oceans. As the westernmost of the Sunda Islands, it forms a significant part of the nation's geography, which includes over 17,000 islands. The island's ecological value is highlighted by protected areas like Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park and its unique biodiversity, including endemic species such as the Sumatran porcupine and Ichthyophis sumatranus. Additionally, Sumatra contributes to the cultural and agricultural diversity of Indonesia, which is recognized as one of the world's 17 megadiverse countries.

## Notable For
- Being the westernmost island in the Sunda Islands chain.
- Containing Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, established in 1982.
- Hosting distinct species such as the Sumatran porcupine and Ichthyophis sumatranus.
- Being the namesake and origin of the Sumatra breed of chicken.
- Possessing a wide range of population estimates, reflecting its status as one of Indonesia's most populous islands.
- Including specific surrounding islands such as Krakatau Island, Bangkaru Island, Tuangku Island, and Gersik Island.

## Body

### Geography and Location
Sumatra is an island situated in the western part of Indonesia. It is recognized as the westernmost member of the Sunda Islands and is part of the larger group known as the Greater Sunda Islands. The island's geographic coordinates are approximately -0.298888888888889 latitude and 101.270830555556 longitude.

Surrounding and related islands within the Indonesian archipelago that are associated with Sumatra include:
*   **Bangkaru Island:** Located in Aceh Singkil Regency, Aceh Province.
*   **Tuangku Island:** Located in Aceh Singkil Regency, Aceh Province.
*   **Krakatau Island:** Located in South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province.
*   **Gersik Island:** Located in Belitung Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands Province.

Notable physical features on the island include Bukit Daun, a mountain, and the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park.

### National Context: Indonesia
Sumatra is a principal territory within the sovereign state of Indonesia. Indonesia is an island country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, situated between the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's largest archipelagic state, comprising over 17,000 islands.

**Government and Politics**
Indonesia operates as a unitary presidential constitutional republic.
*   **Capital:** Jakarta (Special Capital Region).
*   **Head of State and Government:** President Prabowo Subianto (since October 20, 2024).
*   **Independence:** Proclaimed on August 17, 1945; recognized by the Netherlands on December 27, 1949.
*   **Motto:** "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" (Unity in Diversity).
*   **Anthem:** "Indonesia Raya."

**Economy and Development**
The nation has an emerging market economy with a nominal GDP of $1.319 trillion USD (2022).
*   **Currency:** Rupiah (IDR).
*   **Key Sectors:** Agriculture, manufacturing, and services.
*   **Organizations:** Member of G20, ASEAN (founding member), UN, WTO, APEC, and BRICS.

**Demographics (National)**
Indonesia has a population exceeding 275 million (2021 estimate).
*   **Languages:** Indonesian (official).
*   **Religion:** Predominantly Islam (87.2%).
*   **Ethnic Groups:** Javanese (40.1%), Sundanese (15.5%), and numerous others including Malays, Batak, and Madurese.

### Administrative Divisions on Sumatra
As part of Indonesia's administrative structure, Sumatra is divided into several first-level administrative divisions (provinces):
*   **Aceh**
*   **North Sumatra**
*   **West Sumatra**
*   **Riau**
*   **Riau Islands**
*   **Jambi**
*   **South Sumatra**
*   **Bengkulu**
*   **Lampung**
*   **Bangka Belitung Islands**

### Time Zones and Infrastructure
Sumatra falls under the **Indonesia Western Standard Time (WIB)** zone, which is UTC+7. This time zone also covers Java and West/Central Kalimantan.

**National Technical Standards (Applicable to Sumatra):**
*   **Driving Side:** Left.
*   **Telephone Country Code:** +62.
*   **Internet TLD:** .id.
*   **ISO Codes:** ID, IDN, 360.

### Biodiversity and Related Species
Sumatra supports a range of distinct wildlife and domestic breeds:
*   **Sumatran Porcupine:** A species of mammal native to the region.
*   **Ichthyophis sumatranus:** A species of amphibian found on the island.
*   **Sumatra:** A breed of chicken named after the island.

### Population Data
Various population estimates have been recorded for Sumatra, reflecting demographic changes over time or differing methodologies:
*   50,365,538
*   60,000,000
*   20,808,148
*   28,016,160
*   36,506,703
*   42,616,164

### Protected Areas
The island hosts significant conservation areas, including:
*   **Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park:** A national park located in Sumatra, with an inception date recorded in 1982.

## References

1. Gazetteer of the Republic of Indonesia, Island Landform Elements, Volume 3, 2024 Edition
2. Virtual International Authority File
3. [Source](https://github.com/JohnMarkOckerbloom/ftl/blob/master/data/wikimap)
4. MusicBrainz
5. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
6. Czech National Authority Database
7. [Source](https://worldpopulationreview.com/regions/sumatra-population)
8. GeoNames
9. BBC Things
10. [Source](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/sumatra)
11. [archINFORM](https://www.archinform.net/service/wd_aiort.php)
12. [Source](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/sumatra)
13. KBpedia
14. Bibliography of the History of the Czech Lands
15. museum-digital
16. Best Sumatra Posts - Reddit. Reddit