# Sukarno

> 1st President of Indonesia (1901—1970)

**Wikidata**: [Q76127](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76127)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukarno)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/sukarno

## Summary
Sukarno was the first President of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967, and is recognized as a proclaimer of Indonesian independence. A politician and art collector, he played a pivotal role in the country's transition from the Dutch East Indies to a sovereign republic and founded Airlangga University in 1954. His leadership established the unitary presidential constitutional republic of Indonesia and initiated the national political philosophy of Pancasila.

## Biography
- **Born:** June 6, 1901
- **Nationality:** Indonesia, Dutch East Indies
- **Education:** Q31204378 (Institution ID)
- **Known for:** Serving as the 1st President of Indonesia and proclaiming independence in 1945
- **Employer(s):** Government of Indonesia (President), Airlangga University (Founder)
- **Field(s):** Politics, Art Collection

## Contributions
Sukarno's primary contributions center on the establishment of the Indonesian state and its educational infrastructure. He proclaimed Indonesia's independence on August 17, 1945, leading the nation as its first president from August 18, 1945, to March 12, 1967. In 1945, he was instrumental in the inception of Pancasila, the Indonesian political philosophy. In the field of education, he founded Airlangga University in 1954 in Surabaya, East Java, replacing the Nederlandsch-Indische Artsen School and establishing an institution now ranked among the top global universities.

## FAQs
**When did Sukarno serve as President of Indonesia?**
Sukarno served as the first President of Indonesia from August 18, 1945, to March 12, 1967.

**What are some of Sukarno's notable awards?**
He received the Order of Lenin, the Lenin Peace Prize, the Order of Georgi Dimitrov, and was named a National Hero of Indonesia. He also received an honorary doctorate from Sofia University.

**What educational institution did Sukarno found?**
Sukarno founded Airlangga University (Universitas Airlangga) in 1954, located in Surabaya, East Java.

**What are Sukarno's alternative names?**
Sukarno is also known by the aliases Bung Karno, Koesno Sosrodihardjo, Achmed Soekarno, and Ir. Soekarno.

**What significant geopolitical action did Indonesia take under Sukarno?**
Under Sukarno's leadership, Indonesia withdrew from the United Nations in 1965, before rejoining in 1966.

## Why They Matter
Sukarno is fundamental to the existence of modern Indonesia as the leader who proclaimed its independence from the Dutch East Indies and established its governmental structure. His tenure defined the early political landscape of the archipelago, transitioning it from a colonial territory to the world's third-largest democracy and largest Muslim-majority nation. His establishment of Airlangga University contributed to the development of higher education in the region, creating a lasting academic legacy. His leadership during the United Nations withdrawal in 1965 remains a significant, albeit controversial, moment in the country's geopolitical history.

## Notable For
- **Presidency:** First President of Indonesia (1945–1967).
- **Independence:** Proclaimed Indonesian independence on August 17, 1945.
- **University Founding:** Established Airlangga University in 1954.
- **Awards:** Recipient of the Order of Lenin, Lenin Peace Prize, and National Hero of Indonesia award.
- **Political Philosophy:** Associated with the inception of Pancasila in 1945.
- **UN History:** Led Indonesia during its withdrawal from the United Nations in 1965.
- **Physical Attributes:** Recorded height of 172 cm.

## Body

### Identity and Personal Details
Sukarno, also known by aliases such as Bung Karno, Koesno Sosrodihardjo, Achmed Soekarno, and Ir. Soekarno, was born on June 6, 1901, and passed away on June 21, 1970. He held citizenship in both Indonesia and the Dutch East Indies. Physically, he was recorded at a height of 172 cm. His occupation is listed as a politician and an art collector. He is the subject of various biographical records and identifiers, including a VIAF ID (30329774) and an ISNI (000000012126349X).

### Political Career and Presidency
Sukarno's political career is defined by his role as the inaugural head of state of Indonesia. He began his work period in 1925 and assumed the presidency on August 18, 1945, following the proclamation of independence on August 17, 1945. He led the country, which operates as a unitary presidential constitutional republic with its capital in Jakarta, until March 12, 1967. His tenure oversaw the transition of the nation from the Dutch East Indies and the United States of Indonesia to the Republic of Indonesia.

During his administration, Indonesia adopted the motto "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" (Unity in Diversity) and the national anthem "Indonesia Raya." A significant geopolitical event of his presidency was Indonesia's withdrawal from the United Nations in 1965; the country subsequently rejoined the international body in 1966.

### Educational Contributions
Sukarno contributed to the academic landscape of Indonesia by founding Airlangga University (Universitas Airlangga) in 1954. The institution, located in Surabaya, East Java, was established to replace the Nederlandsch-Indische Artsen School. It operates under the motto "Excellence with Morality" and has grown to become a nationally recognized university with "A" (Unggul) accreditation. As of recent rankings, it is placed 308th in the QS World University Rankings (2025).

### Awards and Recognition
Throughout his life, Sukarno received numerous international and national honors. These include the Order of Lenin, the highest decoration awarded by the Soviet Union, and the Lenin Peace Prize. He was also a recipient of the Order of Georgi Dimitrov from Bulgaria and an honorary doctorate from Sofia University. Domestically, he was recognized as a National Hero of Indonesia.

### Related Entities and Legacy
Sukarno's legacy is tied to several key entities and symbols within Indonesia. He is associated with the inception of Pancasila, the Indonesian political philosophy, in 1945. The Soekarno–Hatta International Airport, which began operations in 1985, serves the Jakarta metropolitan area and is named in relation to him and Mohammad Hatta. His image and signature are preserved in various archival formats, including "Presiden Sukarno.jpg" and "Sukarno Signature.svg." His final resting place is the Soekarno Mausoleum.

## References

1. Integrated Authority File
2. Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1969–1978)
3. [Source](https://www.kompasiana.com/komjenrg6756/6095b5d8d541df1e7d7d7b12/amelia-de-la-rama-artis-filipina-dan-misteri-cinta-soekarno-yang-ke-10?page=2)
4. Riwayat Perguruan Tinggi Teknik di Indonesia Periode 1920-1942
5. Bukit-bukit perhatian dari seniman politik, lukisan palsu sampai kosmologi seni Bung Karno
6. [Source](https://surabaya.kompas.com/read/2022/08/01/155514578/makam-bung-karno-lokasi-dan-sejarahnya?page=all)
7. [Source](https://www.setneg.go.id/baca/index/presiden_sby_anugerahkan_gelar_pahlawan_nasional_kepada_soekarno-hatta)
8. [Source](https://kepustakaan-presiden.perpusnas.go.id/award/?box=detail&id=193&from_box=list&hlm=1&search_ruas=&search_keyword=&activation_status=&presiden_id=1&presiden=sukarno)
9. general catalog of BnF
10. BnF authorities
11. Virtual International Authority File
12. CiNii Research
13. [Source](https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=e4kngeRds7kC&lpg=PA268&ots=gLmR9eejpP&dq=bandung%20study%20club&pg=PA268#v=onepage&q=bandung%20study%20club&f=false)
14. Encyclopædia Britannica Online
15. SNAC
16. IMDb
17. Find a Grave
18. Discogs
19. Brockhaus Enzyklopädie
20. Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana
21. Croatian Encyclopedia
22. Munzinger Personen
23. [Source](https://historia.id/politik/articles/sukarno-meninggal-dunia-P1B3K)
24. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
25. Digital Library for Dutch Literature
26. [Pan-Africanism Data Project](https://github.com/roopikarisam/panafricanismdataproject/blob/main/bandung_1955.csv)
27. BBC Things
28. [Source](https://bertuahpos.com/berita-pilihan/penasaran-tidak-berapa-sih-tinggi-badan-semua-presiden-indonesia.html)
29. [Source](https://books.google.de/books?id=5_44DwAAQBAJ&lpg=PT88&ots=z45p-beO43&dq=Sukamiskin%20prison%20sukarno&pg=PT88#v=onepage&q&f=false)
30. Treccani's Enciclopedia on line
31. Quora
32. Enciclopedia Treccani
33. [Source](http://purl.org/pressemappe20/beaconlist/pe)
34. LIBRIS. 2017
35. Dizionario di Storia
36. Bibliography of the History of the Czech Lands