# Stonewall Jackson

> general of the Confederate Army in the American Civil War

**Wikidata**: [Q216124](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216124)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonewall_Jackson)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/stonewall-jackson

## Summary
Stonewall Jackson, born Thomas Jonathan Jackson, was a Confederate general during the American Civil War, renowned for his tactical brilliance and leadership in key battles. He played a pivotal role in early Confederate victories and became a legendary figure in Southern military history. His death in 1863 marked a significant loss for the Confederacy.

## Biography
- Born: January 21, 1824
- Nationality: United States
- Education: United States Military Academy (West Point)
- Known for: Leadership in the American Civil War as a Confederate general
- Employer(s): Confederate States Army
- Field(s): Military leadership, education

## Contributions
Stonewall Jackson is best known for his command of the Stonewall Brigade, his strategic contributions in the Shenandoah Valley Campaign of 1862, and his role in major battles such as First Bull Run, Seven Days Battles, Second Bull Run, Antietam, and Chancellorsville. His military innovations, particularly in rapid movement and surprise attacks, significantly influenced Civil War tactics. He also served as a professor of artillery and natural philosophy at the Virginia Military Institute.

## FAQs
**What is Stonewall Jackson known for?**  
Stonewall Jackson is known for his distinguished service as a Confederate general during the American Civil War, particularly for his tactical acumen and leadership in key battles. He earned his nickname "Stonewall" for his steadfast defense at the First Battle of Bull Run.

**Where did Stonewall Jackson serve during the Civil War?**  
He served in multiple major campaigns and battles, including the Shenandoah Valley, Seven Days Battles, Second Bull Run, Antietam, and Chancellorsville, where he was mortally wounded.

**What was Stonewall Jackson's military education?**  
He was educated at the United States Military Academy (West Point), graduating in 1846. He later became a professor at the Virginia Military Institute.

**What battles did Stonewall Jackson lead?**  
He led or played a major role in the First and Second Battles of Bull Run, the Shenandoah Valley Campaign, the Seven Days Battles, Antietam, and Chancellorsville.

**How did Stonewall Jackson die?**  
He died on May 10, 1863, from complications following amputation of his left arm after being wounded by friendly fire at the Battle of Chancellorsville.

## Why They Matter
Stonewall Jackson's military strategies and leadership significantly shaped Confederate operations in the early years of the Civil War. His aggressive tactics and ability to move troops rapidly across terrain set precedents in military strategy. His influence extended beyond his death, inspiring generations of military leaders and cementing his legacy as one of America's most studied military figures.

## Notable For
- Commanding the Stonewall Brigade, a renowned Confederate unit
- Leadership in the Shenandoah Valley Campaign of 1862
- Tactical brilliance in battles such as Bull Run, Antietam, and Chancellorsville
- Nickname "Stonewall" earned for his steadfast defense at First Bull Run
- Professorship at the Virginia Military Institute before the Civil War
- Mortally wounded at the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863
- Influential posthumously in military strategy and leadership studies

## Body

### Early Life and Education
Thomas Jonathan Jackson was born on January 21, 1824. He attended the United States Military Academy at West Point, graduating in 1846. His early military career included service in the Mexican-American War, where he demonstrated leadership and discipline.

### Military Career
Jackson began his Civil War service as a Confederate brigadier general. He quickly rose through the ranks due to his tactical brilliance and leadership. His brigade, known as the "Stonewall Brigade," became legendary for its steadfastness and discipline.

### Major Campaigns and Battles
Jackson's contributions to the Confederate cause include:
- **First Battle of Bull Run (1861)**: Earned the nickname "Stonewall" for his unyielding defense.
- **Shenandoah Valley Campaign (1862)**: Executed a series of rapid movements and surprise attacks, tying down Union forces.
- **Seven Days Battles (1862)**: Played a critical role in defending Richmond.
- **Second Battle of Bull Run (1862)**: Led successful flanking maneuvers.
- **Battle of Antietam (1862)**: Commanded troops in one of the war's bloodiest battles.
- **Battle of Chancellorsville (1863)**: Wounded by friendly fire; died shortly after from complications.

### Teaching Career
Before the Civil War, Jackson was a professor of artillery and natural philosophy at the Virginia Military Institute. His tenure there helped shape his analytical and strategic mindset, which later influenced his battlefield decisions.

### Legacy and Influence
Jackson's death on May 10, 1863, was a major blow to the Confederacy. His military innovations, particularly in mobility and coordination, influenced future military leaders and strategists. Monuments and memorials, such as the Stonewall Jackson Monument in Lexington, Virginia, honor his legacy.

### Personal Details and Identity
- **Aliases**: Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson, Thomas J. Jackson
- **Citizenship**: United States
- **Occupation**: Military leader, teacher
- **Conflict(s)**: American Civil War, Mexican-American War
- **Institutional Affiliations**: Confederate States Army, United States Military Academy, Virginia Military Institute

### Death and Commemoration
Jackson died from complications of pneumonia after being wounded at Chancellorsville. His funeral was attended by thousands, and his legacy has been commemorated in numerous memorials, biographies, and military studies. His tactical writings and battlefield leadership continue to be studied in military academies worldwide.

## References

1. Integrated Authority File
2. Collective Biographies of Women
3. BnF authorities
4. [Source](https://finding-aids.lib.unc.edu/00370/)
5. International Standard Name Identifier
6. Virtual International Authority File
7. Encyclopædia Britannica Online
8. SNAC
9. Find a Grave
10. Brockhaus Enzyklopädie
11. Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana
12. GeneaStar
13. Proleksis Encyclopedia
14. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
15. West Virginia Encyclopedia
16. CERL Thesaurus
17. Treccani's Enciclopedia on line
18. Quora
19. [Source](https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/Jackson-Thomas-Jonathan;3916185.html)