# State of charge estimation for lithium-ion battery using Transformer with immersion and invariance adaptive observer

> Research article (Journal of Energy Storage, 2021) · cited 143× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4200134328](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4200134328)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/state-of-charge-estimation-for-lithium-ion-battery-using-transformer-with-immersion-and-invariance-adaptive-observer