# sport > forms of recreational activity, usually physical **Wikidata**: [Q349](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349) **Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport) **Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/sport ## Summary Sport refers to forms of recreational activity, typically involving physical exertion. It encompasses a wide range of competitive and recreational pursuits, often characterized by voluntary bodily movement. ## Key Facts * Sport is described as forms of recreational activity, usually physical. * It is known by the alias "sports". * The entity has 266 sitelinks across various platforms. * It is identified by the Wikidata description "forms of recreational activity, usually physical". * Sport is part of the entity identified by the Wikidata ID Q66662493. * It is an instance of the entity identified by the Wikidata ID Q125542526. * Sport is a subclass of the entity identified by the Wikidata ID Q747883. * It uses concepts identified by Wikidata IDs Q768186, Q2310214, Q1202618, Q1076486, and Q23764314. * **Identifiers include**: * P18: Youth-soccer-indiana.jpg * P227: 4056366-2 * P244: sh85126887, sh00007735 * P268: 133188907 * P349: 00571722 * P373: Sports * P486: D013177 * P508: 467 * P646: /m/06ntj * P672: I03.450.642.845 * P691: ph116248, ph943757 * P935: Sport * P948: Paraglider Auvergne France banner.jpg * P950: XX524968 * P1014: 300222725 * P1036: 306.483 * P1051: 9899 * P1149: GV561-GV1198.995 * P1150: ZX - ZY * P1189: G8 * P1190: 796 * P1225: 10642049 * P1245: 3592 * P1282: sport=multi * P1296: 0229998, 0233364 * P1417: topic/sports * P1438: 13928 * P1709: http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Sport, http://data.culture.fr/thesaurus/resource/ark:/67717/T1-639 * P1748: C85399 * P1807: 4595 * P2004: 13598 * P2163: 1130432 * P2347: 965 * P2397: UCEgdi0XIXXZ-qJOFPf4JSKw * P2572: sport, спорт, sports * P2581: 00006759n * P2612: sports * P2888: http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/productgenre/sport, http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/spct/sport * P2892: C0038039 * P2924: 4160410 * P3106: uk/sport, sport * P3235: sport * P3365: sport * P3417: Sports * P3553: 19554827, 19552706 * P3612: sujet/sport * P3827: sports * P3911: 15675-5 * P3916: concept7666 * P3984: sports * P4073: sports, sport * P4342: idrett * P4467: sports-1 * P4527: 93094 * P4801: ethnographicTerms/afset017347 * P5019: sport * P5084: 396545213 * P5160: tgm009985 * P5198: 294939008 * P5250: 483 * P5337: CAAqJggKIiBDQkFTRWdvSUwyMHZNRFp1ZEdvU0FtVnVHZ0pWVXlnQVAB * P5429: productgenre/sport, spct/sport, subjectcode/15000000, mediatopic/15000000 * P5437: 4245 * P5513: 5016 * P5748: 76 * P5905: 4015-56183 * P5949: U+200D,U+2640,U+2642,U+26BD,U+26BE,U+26F3,U+26F7-26F9,U+FE0F,U+1F396,U+1F3A3,U+1F3B1,U+1F3BD-1F3C0,U+1F3C2,U+1F3C4-1F3CC,U+1F3CF-1F3D3,U+1F3F8,U+1F3F9,U+1F6A3,U+1F6B4,U+1F6B5,U+1F938,U+1F93A,U+1F93C-1F93E,U+1F945,U+1F947-1F94B * P6293: Y99900 * P6541: https://sports.stackexchange.com * P6573: Sport * P6680: T038710 * P6694: M0020387 * P6870: 1962 * P6900: スポーツ * P7033: scot/1477 * P7502: Sport-YV9 * P7712: T51-61 * P7870: 21855 * P7889: sport * P8061: c_7328 * P8168: Q246138 * P8189: 987007529432705171 * P8248: MY * P8309: 18-220090 * P8313: sport * P8408: Sport * P8419: Sports RPF * P8569: Sport * P8647: sj96006189 * P8672: 847900493514891265 * P8785: 2881 * P8814: 00524569-n * P8885: 스포츠 * P9084: sport * P9223: 56c6b65e-d68a-416a-ac1e-ff831d347ca5 * P9287: 11358 * P9318: valastallan * P9346: sports, sport * P9407: 1068 * P9497: 2217 * P10376: social-sciences/sport * P10565: 497485 * P10717: sport * P11196: 体育 * P11316: sport * P12086: Sport * P12126: Sport * P12385: esport-0 * P12596: 1 * P12637: 0121 * P12800: es:Deporte, eu:Kirol, fr:Sport * P13135: sport * P13141: sport * P13160: الرياضة * P13161: sport * P13257: sport * P13300: sport * P13388: isut257 * P13591: concept/6eb515e7-7aca-476e-ad57-38d5d2eee30c * P13613: 111177 * P13750: 14400 * P13786: sport ## FAQs * **What is the fundamental nature of sport?** Sport is primarily defined as forms of recreational activity, typically involving physical movement. It is characterized by voluntary bodily movements performed by skeletal muscles. * **What are some broad categories of sports?** Sports can be categorized by their environment, such as air sports, water sports, winter sports, and mountain sports. They can also be classified by participation, including individual sports, team sports, professional sports, amateur sports, and youth sports. * **Are there sports adapted for specific groups or conditions?** Yes, there are parasports, which are sports practiced by disabled people, and women's sports, which are sports participated in by females. Mixed-sex sports also exist for men and women to compete together. * **What are some examples of traditional or culturally specific sports?** Examples include chariot racing from ancient Greek, Roman, and Byzantine times, Basque rural sports from the Basque people, Francombat as a French martial art, Jallikattu as a Tamil bull-taming tradition, and Oină as a Romanian traditional sport. * **What types of equipment or facilities are commonly associated with sports?** Sports often involve specialized sports equipment, are played on a pitch (a flat area of grass), or in a sports field, and take place at a sports venue. * **What are some related concepts or terms within the realm of sports?** Related concepts include scoring methods like a goal, periods of play such as half-time or time-out, and actions like a foul. Organizational aspects include sports governing bodies and multi-sport events. ## Why It Matters Sport holds significance as a fundamental aspect of human physical activity and recreation, promoting voluntary bodily movement and offering diverse forms of engagement. Its widespread nature is evident in the vast array of categories, from individual and team competitions to specialized forms like extreme sports, parasports, and traditional cultural practices. Sport provides avenues for physical development, competitive challenge, and social interaction across all ages and abilities, contributing to personal well-being and community cohesion. Its global presence and historical roots, dating back to ancient practices like chariot racing, underscore its enduring role in human culture and society. ## Notable For * Encompassing a broad spectrum of recreational activities, primarily physical in nature. * Its adaptability to various environments, including air, water, mountains, and ice/snow. * Its inclusion of diverse participant groups, such as youth, women, disabled individuals, and professionals. * Its historical depth, with examples like ancient chariot racing. * Its cultural diversity, featuring traditional sports from various regions like Basque rural sports, Jallikattu, and Oină. * Its integration with technology, as seen in esports and radiosport. ## Body ### Definition and Core Characteristics Sport is fundamentally defined as forms of recreational activity, typically involving physical exertion. It is characterized by human physical activity consisting of voluntary bodily movement by skeletal muscles. The term is also commonly referred to as "sports." ### Types and Categories of Sport Sport encompasses a wide variety of specific activities, which can be grouped into several categories: * **General Categories:** * **Physical Activity:** Sport is a form of physical activity, which is defined as human physical activity consisting of voluntary bodily movement by skeletal muscles. * **Extreme Sport:** A class of sports known for their high-risk nature. * **Individual Sport:** A sport in which a participant works alone. * **Team Sport:** A type of sport involving multiple participants working together. * **Professional Sport:** Sport in which athletes receive payment for their performance. * **Amateur Sports:** Sport played by non-professionals. * **Youth Sports:** Sport specifically practiced by youth. * **Military Sports:** Forms of competitive activity practiced by the military. * **Elite Sport Competition:** Applying intensive sports with the aim to achieve high performance in competition. * **Spectator Sport:** A sport that many people attend and find entertaining to watch. * **Contact Sport:** A sport that emphasizes or requires physical contact between practicers. * **Indoor Sport:** Games and sports to amuse people within a house or other building. * **Multi-sport event:** An organized sporting event involving multiple sports. * **Environment-Specific Sports:** * **Air Sports:** A range of aerial activities. * **Water Sport:** Sports that take place in or on water, including open water swimming, paddleboarding, underwater diving, freediving, spearfishing, playboating, and underwater sports. * **Winter Sport:** Sport mainly practiced during the wintertime, often on snow or ice, such as short-track speed skating. * **Mountain Sport:** A term for any mountain-based sport activity. * **Equipment-Based Sports:** * **Dog Sport:** A type of sport where dogs participate. * **Boardsport:** Sports that are practiced with some sort of board as the primary equipment, including flowriding and mountainboarding. * **Throwing Sport:** Sports where an object is thrown, such as axe throwing and sheaf toss (a traditional Scottish agricultural sport, country: Q145). * **Racket Sport:** A game in which players use rackets to hit a ball or other object, including rackets (an indoor racquet sport). * **Cue Sports:** Skill games using a cue stick to strike billiard balls. * **Equestrian Sport:** Part of the field of sport that encompasses all sports that are practiced with the horse as a partner, including Reining (a type of western riding competition for horses, country: Q30), combined driving, tent pegging (inception: -0400-00-00T00:00:00Z), and pato (a team sport played on horseback, inception: +1610-00-00T00:00:00Z, country: Q414, Q77). * **Shooting Sports:** Sports involving firearms used to hit targets, including clay pigeon shooting and fast draw. * **Model Aircraft Sports:** Competitive sport involving model aircraft. * **Sports for Specific Demographics or Adaptations:** * **Intramural Sports:** Recreational sports organized within a particular institution. * **Parasport:** Sports practiced by disabled people. * **Women's Sports:** Sports participated in by females. * **Mixed-sex Sports:** Sports competition for men and women together. * **Animal Sports:** Sports that involve the use of animals, including blood sport (category of sports that involve bloodshed), cat agility, hamster racing (country: Q145), Yak racing (traditional sport in Central Asia, country: Q711, Q148, Q232, Q813, Q843), and pigeon racing. * **Specific Sports and Activities Mentioned:** * **Martial Arts:** Francombat (French martial art similar to jiu-jitsu), kung fu (Chinese martial art), Jōdō (Japanese martial art using a short staff), koppōjutsu, Vovinam (Vietnamese martial art), Shoot boxing (combat sport and a stand-up fighting promotion company based in Tokyo, Japan, inception: +1985-01-01T00:00:00Z), Aikibudo, Okinawan kobudō, and Lathi khela (traditional Bangladeshi martial art, country: Q902). * **Racing:** Chariot racing (ancient Greek, Roman, and Byzantine sport), racing (competition of speed), motorsport (sporting competition and recreation activities which primarily involve the use of motorised vehicles), drone racing, solar car racing, Formula One (motorsport championship held worldwide, inception: +1950-00-00T00:00:00Z), FIA Formula 4, Formula Regional, team pursuit (team event in cycle racing), and tower running. * **Ball/Team Games:** Tag rugby (non-contact team game), Kronum (inception: +2008-00-00T00:00:00Z, country: Q30), peteca (sport in Brazil), indiaca, Ringo (net sport involving a rubber ring), street hockey, ball hockey, Brännboll (bat-and-ball game), minifootball, Medieval football, Bo-Taoshi (Japanese outdoor team sport), Takurt (Team sports), and oină (Romanian traditional sport, country: Q218). * **Other Physical Activities:** Hiking (walking as a hobby, sport, or leisure activity), baton twirling (sport that combines dance and color guard to create coordinated routines), gymnastics (includes artistic, rhythmic, trampoline, and other versions), cycling (riding a bicycle for transportation, sport, exercise, recreation), running (activity that involves the rapid terrestrial locomotion of feet), slacklining (sport similar to tightrope walking), street workout, skating (sports or recreational activity), dancesport (competitive ballroom dancing), land sailing, recreational fishing, casting, falconry (hunting with a trained bird of prey), speleology (science of cave and karst systems), extreme ironing (ironing in unconventional locations), hoop rolling, pedestrianism, worm charming, dry-tooling, freerunning, Hobby horsing, skipping rope, squat, snatch, and wakeskating. * **Unique/Specialized Sports:** Radiosport (class of sports focusing on radio transceiving), fire-fighting sport (sport using fire-fighting-related activities, inception: +1937-00-00T00:00:00Z), esports (form of competition facilitated by electronic systems, particularly video games), blind cricket (version of cricket adapted for blind and partially sighted players), Tenkara fishing (style of fishing), table hockey, roundnet (ball sport played with a rebound net), Woodball (sport invented in Taiwan), cornhole, Jukskei (South African folk sport), beach golf, pitch and putt, and Freestyle slalom skating. ### Related Concepts and Entities Sport is connected to various other entities and concepts: * **Facilities and Equipment:** * **Sports equipment:** Objects used for sport or exercise. * **Pitch:** A flat area of grass that can be used for sports, usually being played on grass. * **Sports field:** An outdoor sports facility. * **Sports venue:** A facility (building, structure, or place) dedicated to sports. * **Exercise equipment:** Consists of one or more items and is used for applying a sport. * **Sports car:** A performance-oriented car class, generally small or light-weight with good handling. * **Terminology and Rules:** * **Goal:** A method of scoring in many sports. * **Half-time:** Time when half of the regular playing time has expired. * **Defense:** The role of a sports team or player to prevent the opposing team from scoring. * **Foul:** An inappropriate or unfair act by a player, usually violating the rules of a sport or game. * **Time-out:** A short removal of a person for disciplinary reasons. * **Substitute:** A player replacing another in a sports match. * **Dead ball:** A term in many ball sports in which the ball is deemed temporarily not playable. * **Final four:** The last four teams remaining in a play-off tournament. * **Scorpion kick:** A physical move in association football (country: Q733). * **Organizations and Institutions:** * **Sports governing body:** A sports organization that has a regulatory or sanctioning function. Examples include Czech Rugby Union (inception: +1928-00-00T00:00:00Z, country: Q213), Uruguayan Olympic Committee (inception: +1923-10-27T00:00:00Z, country: Q77), Czech Olympic Committee (inception: +1899-05-18T00:00:00Z, +1918-11-05T00:00:00Z, +1992-12-21T00:00:00Z, country: Q213), Football Association of the Czech Republic (inception: +1901-00-00T00:00:00Z, country: Q213), Český atletický svaz (inception: +1993-00-00T00:00:00Z, country: Q213), and Czech Ice Hockey Association (inception: +1908-00-00T00:00:00Z, country: Q213). * **Sports school:** A school specializing in sports and fitness. * **Government Ministries:** Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (Indian government ministry, country: Q668), Ministry of Youth and Sports of Ukraine (Ukrainian government ministry, inception: +1991-00-00T00:00:00Z, country: Q212), Russian Federation Ministry of Sport (Federal executive body in Russia, inception: +2008-05-12T00:00:00Z, country: Q159), Consejo Superior de Deportes (Spanish government agency for sport, inception: +1977-08-27T00:00:00Z, country: Q29). * **Clubs/Teams:** FC Graffin Vlašim (association football club in the Czech Republic, inception: +1927-00-00T00:00:00Z, country: Q213), SK Artis Brno (football club, inception: +1924-00-00T00:00:00Z, +1990-12-07T00:00:00Z, country: Q213), SK Horácká Slavia Třebíč (ice hockey team, inception: +1928-00-00T00:00:00Z, +1991-06-26T00:00:00Z, country: Q213), FC Zbrojovka Brno (association football club in the Czech Republic, inception: +1913-00-00T00:00:00Z, country: Q213), MFK Vítkovice (association football club in the Czech Republic, inception: +1919-00-00T00:00:00Z, country: Q213), Tatran Střešovice (Czech floorball club, inception: +1991-00-00T00:00:00Z, country: Q213), VK Karlovarsko (Czech volleyball club, inception: +2014-03-21T00:00:00Z, country: Q213), FBC Třinec (floorball team in Třinec, Czech, inception: +2011-00-00T00:00:00Z), FK Příbram (Czech association football club from Příbram, inception: +1928-00-00T00:00:00Z, country: Q213). * **Other Organizations:** Orel (Christian sports movement, inception: +1909-00-00T00:00:00Z, +1990-06-06T00:00:00Z, country: Q213), Abu Dhabi United Group (private equity company, inception: +2008-00-00T00:00:00Z, country: Q878). * **Media and Publications:** * **BoxRec:** A website providing records of professional and amateur boxers (inception: +2000-00-00T00:00:00Z, country: Q145). * **L'Équipe:** A French sports newspaper (inception: +1946-02-28T00:00:00Z, country: Q142). * **Sporcle:** A trivia quiz website (inception: 2007). * **Kicker:** A German sports magazine (inception: +1920-00-00T00:00:00Z, country: Q183). * **Nemzeti Sport:** A daily sport newspaper (inception: +1903-00-00T00:00:00Z, country: Q28). * **Pakistan Television Corporation:** A national television corporation of Pakistan (inception: +1964-00-00T00:00:00Z, country: Q843). * **Geographical and Cultural Contexts:** * **Sport in Africa:** An overview of sport in Africa. * **Sport in South America:** An overview of sport in South America. * **Sport in Asia:** An overview of sport in Asia. * **Sport in Europe:** An overview of sports practiced in Europe. * **Sport in ancient Greece:** An overview about sport in ancient Greece. * **Basque rural sports:** Sports competitions of the Basque people (country: Q29, Q142). * **Jallikattu:** A Tamil bull-taming tradition (country: Q668). * **Camargue bullfighting:** A type of bullfighting (country: Q142). * **Charreada:** Mexican rodeo (country: Q96). * **Lucha del Garrote:** Traditional sport in Canary Islands (country: Q29). * **Zurkhaneh:** Persian traditional system of athletics (country: Q794). * **Oină:** Romanian traditional sport (country: Q218). * **Dambe:** Hausa traditional sport. * **Varpa:** Swedish outdoor sport. * **Balle à la main:** Traditional Picard sport. * **Tocatì:** Traditional Croatian sport played in Istria and Dalmatia (country: Q224, Q38). * **Kyz kuu:** Turkic traditional sport. * **Punjabi Kabaddi:** Indian sport. * **Turkish archery:** Archery in Turkey. * **Chinlone:** Traditional sport of Myanmar. * **Kemari:** Japanese ball game, non-competitive (country: Q17). * **Tōgyū:** Ryukyuan spectator sport (country: Q17). * **Calva:** Traditional Spanish sport (country: Q29). * **Cornish wrestling:** A form of wrestling originating in Cornwall, England (country: Q23148). * **Kings League:** A series of international tournaments of a modified version of seven-a-side football created in Spain (inception: +2022-11-10T00:00:00Z, country: Q29). * **Caribbean Premier League:** An annual Twenty20 cricket tournament held in the Caribbean (inception: +2013-01-01T00:00:00Z). * **Big Bash League:** Australian professional Twenty20 cricket league (inception: +2011-00-00T00:00:00Z, country: Q408). * **Football in Indonesia:** An overview of association football played in Indonesia (country: Q252). * **Related Concepts:** * **Athletics:** Sports that require a significant physical component. * **Dance:** Rhythmic movement of the body. * **Leisure industry:** Sector of the economy dealing with recreation and tourism. * **Sports tourism:** Non-Olympic type of sport and venues for all-year-round spectator sport events (country: Q142). * **Spokon:** Manga/anime genre. * **Spurnosexual:** Portmanteau of sports, porn, and metrosexual. * **International Day of Sport for Development and Peace:** Annual celebration of sports (inception: +2014-00-00T00:00:00Z). ### Notable Individuals Associated with Sport Many individuals are associated with sport through their participation, coaching, or other roles: * **Athletes/Players:** Arthur Ashe (American tennis player), Zdeněk Pecka (Czech rower), Hristo Stoichkov (Bulgarian association football player), Ľubomír Moravčík (Slovak and French association football player), Petr Sýkora (Czech ice hockey player), Václav Nedomanský (Czech ice hockey player and coach), Miloslav Gureň (Czech ice hockey player), Stanisław Marusarz (Polish Nordic skier), Josef Augusta (Czech ice hockey player and coach), Petr Vabroušek (Czech triathlete), František Čapek (Czechoslovak canoeist and speed canoeist), Daniel Jara Martínez (association football player), Jiří Havlis (Czech rower), Vladimír Haber (Czechoslovak handball player), Sandra Schützová (Czech cross-country skier), Jan Zabystřan (Czech alpine skier), Shahnez Boushaki (Algerian basketball player), František Smetana (Czech sports shooter), Olga Fikotová (Czechoslovak and American discus thrower), Josef Černý (Czech ice hockey player and coach), Magdalena Neuner (former German biathlete), Hedwig Rosenbaum (Bohemian tennis player), Greg Norman (Australian professional golfer), Ken Dryden (Canadian ice hockey goaltender and politician), Martin Jakš (Czech ski runner), Ben Collins (British racing driver), Miloslav Hořava (Czech ice hockey player and coach), Robert Pražák (gymnast), Jan Peka (Czechoslovak ice hockey goalkeeper), Jan Kůrka (Czech local politician and former sport shooter), Karel Mejta (Czech rower), Miroslav Koranda (Czechoslovak rower), Pavel Svojanovský (Czech rower), Kateřina Siniaková (Czech tennis player), Vasili Oshchepkov (Russian martial artist), Václav Jón (Czechoslovak cross-country skier), Pavel Mahrer (Czechoslovak soccer player), Michal Čupr (Czech fencer), Věra Čáslavská (Czechoslovak sports official, artistic gymnast and coach), Carl Weathers (American actor and former American football player), Chuck Liddell (American mixed martial arts fighter), Josef Silný (Czech footballer), Eddie the Eagle (British ski jumper), Ladislav Vácha (gymnast), Ivan Poddubny (Russian-Soviet wrestler), Boris Valábik (Slovak ice hockey player), David Výborný (Czech ice hockey player), Robert Leckie (United States Marine and author), Vladimír Nadrchal (Czech ice hockey player), Sergey Tereshchenkov (cyclist), Oskar Hekš (Czechoslovak runner), Jiří Dadák (Czechoslovak hammer thrower), Jakub Tomeček (Czech Olympic athlete and sport shooter), Robert Lang (Czech ice hockey player), Ota Zaremba (Czech weightlifter), Miguel de La Quadra-Salcedo (Spanish discus thrower), Alex Karras (American football player, sportscaster and actor), Tyson Fury (British boxer), Jiří Holík (Czech ice hockey player and coach), Luděk Bukač (Czech ice hockey player and manager), Martin Ručinský (Czech ice hockey player), Miroslav Dvořák (Czechoslovak professional ice hockey defenseman), Heide Rosendahl (German pentathlete), Ines Geipel (German theater professor, essayist and writer, former sportsperson), Hana Mandlíková (Czech tennis player), Natascha Badmann (Swiss triathlete), Marie Kovářová (Olympic gymnast), Josef Panáček (Czechoslovak sport shooter), Calvin Bricker (athletics competitor), Vladimír Růžička (Czech ice hockey player and coach), Martin Tenk (Czech sport shooter), Jan Jindra (Czechoslovak rower), Zuzana Kocumová (Czech cross-country skier and local politician), Stanislav Lusk (Czechoslovak rower), David Drahonínský (Czech Paralympic archer), Miroslav Svoboda (Czech ice hockey player), Miriam Škoch (Czech tennis player), Zuzana Maděrová (Czech snowboarder), Pavel Nedvěd (Czech association football player), Karel Rachůnek (Czech ice hockey player), Terry Crews (American actor, television host, and former American football player), Dominik Hašek (Czech ice hockey player), Ivan Hlinka (Czech ice hockey player and coach), Frank Shorter (American long-distance runner), Sergei Utochkin (Russian aviator), Gunder Hägg (Swedish middle and long distance runner), Jozef Obert (Czechoslovak soccer player), Anna Shevchenko (Kazakhstani cross-country skier), Jarmila Kratochvílová (Czechoslovak runner), Czesław Lang (Polish road racing cyclist), W. G. Grace (English amateur cricketer), Arkady Vorobyov (Russian weightlifter), Bedřich Ščerban (Czech ice hockey player and coach), Witalis Ludwiczak (Polish lawyer and ice hockey player), František Pospíšil (Czech ice hockey player), Christine Theiss (German kickboxer), Josef Beránek (Czech ice hockey player and coach), Lesley Paterson (Scottish triathlete, screenwriter, and film producer), Milan Hnilička (Czech ice hockey player), Alberto Salazar (American long-distance running coach, long-distance runner born in Cuba), Anna Fernstädt (German-Czech skeleton racer), Tereza Fišerová (Czech canoeist), Dave Bautista (American actor and former professional wrestler), Josef Pešice (Czech association football player and coach), Libor Šulák (Czech ice hockey player), Jagna Marczułajtis (Polish snowboarder), Miroslav Dvořák (Czechoslovak professional ice hockey defenseman), Ines Geipel (German theater professor, essayist and writer, former sportsperson), Hana Mandlíková (Czech tennis player), Kyz kuu (Turkic traditional sport), Sheila Taormina (American swimmer), Jozef Vengloš (Slovak association football player and manager), Natascha Badmann (Swiss triathlete), Marie Kovářová (Olympic gymnast), Josef Panáček (Czechoslovak sport shooter), Calvin Bricker (athletics competitor), Robert Lang (Czech ice hockey player), Jack Daniels (American coach and modern pentathlete), Chabařovice (town in the Czech Republic), freerunning (sport), cornhole (lawn game), Vladimír Růžička (Czech ice hockey player and coach), final four (last four teams remaining in a play-off tournament), Jukskei (South African folk sport), Český atletický svaz (sports governing body in the Czech Republic), Zurkhaneh (Persian traditional system of athletics), Sentice (village in Brno-venkov District of South Moravian region), Popůvky (village in Brno-venkov District of South Moravian region), Smolotely (village in Příbram District of Central Bohemian region), Kamenice (small town in Jihlava District), Přáslavice (village in Olomouc District), Ski touring (skiing uphill and downhill in the backcountry), Hugh McCutcheon (American volleyball player-coach), dry-tooling (climbing technique), Russian Federation Ministry of Sport (Federal executive body in Russia), TeamGym (gymnastics competition), Martin Tenk (Czech sport shooter), Jan Jindra (Czechoslovak rower), Zuzana Kocumová (Czech cross-country skier and local politician), Stanislav Lusk (Czechoslovak rower), Czech Basketball Federation (Czech sport organization), Flag throwing (swinging a colourful flag), Grant Wahl (American sportswriter), ball hockey (ball and stick team sport), pigeon racing (sport of releasing specially trained racing pigeons), Matylda Matoušková-Šínová (Czech gymnast), Ivana Tomljenović-Meller (graphic designer and art teacher), Abu Dhabi United Group (private equity company), Carlo Biotti (Italian judge), Anna Fernstädt (German-Czech skeleton racer), Tereza Fišerová (Czech canoeist), scorpion kick (physical move in association football), Hobby horsing (sport using stick horses), minifootball (variation of association football), Formula Regional, Formula One (motorsport championship), Franz Beckenbauer (German sports official and association football player), Dave Bautista (American actor and former professional wrestler), Josef Pešice (Czech association football player and coach), skipping rope (game), Kravsko (village in Znojmo District), Milovan Zoričić (Croatian football official and judge), Jan Marek (Czech ice hockey player), Czesław Lang (Polish road racing cyclist), W. G. Grace (English amateur cricketer), playboating (discipline of whitewater kayaking or canoeing), Arkady Vorobyov (Russian weightlifter), Augustin Krist (Czechoslovak football referee), Bedřich Ščerban (Czech ice hockey player and coach), Witalis Ludwiczak (Polish lawyer and ice hockey player), Bošice (village in Czechia), František Pospíšil (Czech ice hockey player), Sokol (all-age gymnastics organization), Chropyně (town in the Czech Republic), Chodská Lhota (village in Domažlice District), Christine Theiss (German kickboxer), SMAP (Japanese idol group), José Benjamín Zubiaur (Argentine educator), Václav Chalupa (Czech rower), Josef Beránek (Czech ice hockey player), Lutopecny (village in Kroměříž District), street hockey (ball and stick team sport), Vážany (village in Uherské Hradiště District), team pursuit (team event in cycle racing), Lesley Paterson (Scottish triathlete, screenwriter, and film producer), Milan Hnilička (Czech ice hockey player), pigeon keeping (art and science of breeding domestic pigeons), Turkish archery (archery in Turkey), Krhanice (municipality in Benešov District), tower running (sport), ultra-distance cycling (long-distance cycling), Cornish wrestling (form of wrestling), Oskar Hekš (Czechoslovak runner), snatch (term in weightlifting), Libor Šulák (Czech ice hockey player), Tocatì (traditional Croatian sport), Jagna Marczułajtis (Polish snowboarder), Miroslav Dvořák (Czechoslovak professional ice hockey defenseman), Heide Rosendahl (German pentathlete), Ines Geipel (German theater professor, essayist and writer, former sportsperson), Hana Mandlíková (Czech tennis player), Kyz kuu (Turkic traditional sport), Sheila Taormina (American swimmer), Jozef Vengloš (Slovak association football player and manager), Natascha Badmann (Swiss triathlete), KT Corporation (South Korean telecommunication service provider), Marie Kovářová (Olympic gymnast), Josef Panáček (Czechoslovak sport shooter), bull-leaping (form of non-violent bull fighting), Calvin Bricker (athletics competitor), Robert Lang (Czech ice hockey player), Jack Daniels (American coach and modern pentathlete), Chabařovice (town in the Czech Republic), freerunning (sport), cornhole (lawn game), Vladimír Růžička (Czech ice hockey player and coach), final four (last four teams remaining in a play-off tournament), Jukskei (South African folk sport), Český atletický svaz (sports governing body in the Czech Republic), Zurkhaneh (Persian traditional system of athletics), Sentice (village in Brno-venkov District), Popůvky (village in Brno-venkov District), Smolotely (village in Příbram District), Kamenice (small town in Jihlava District), Přáslavice (village in Olomouc District), Ski touring (skiing uphill and downhill in the backcountry), Hugh McCutcheon (American volleyball player-coach), dry-tooling (climbing technique), Russian Federation Ministry of Sport (Federal executive body in Russia), TeamGym (gymnastics competition), Martin Tenk (Czech sport shooter), Jan Jindra (Czechoslovak rower), Zuzana Kocumová (Czech cross-country skier and local politician), Stanislav Lusk (Czechoslovak rower), Czech Basketball Federation (Czech sport organization), Flag throwing (swinging a colourful flag), Grant Wahl (American sportswriter), ball hockey (ball and stick team sport), pigeon racing (sport of releasing specially trained racing pigeons), Matylda Matoušková-Šínová (Czech gymnast), Ivana Tomljenović-Meller (graphic designer and art teacher), Abu Dhabi United Group (private equity company), Carlo Biotti (Italian judge), Anna Fernstädt (German-Czech skeleton racer), Tereza Fišerová (Czech canoeist), scorpion kick (physical move in association football), Hobby horsing (sport using stick horses), minifootball (variation of association football), Formula Regional, Formula One (motorsport championship), Franz Beckenbauer (German sports official and association football player), Dave Bautista (American actor and former professional wrestler), Josef Pešice (Czech association football player and coach), skipping rope (game), Kravsko (village in Znojmo District). * **Coaches/Managers:** Michael Biegler (German handball coach), Hugh McCutcheon (American volleyball player-coach). * **Officials/Administrators:** Georges Duperron (Russian journalist), Jiří Kejval (Czech sports official and rower), Milovan Zoričić (Croatian football official and judge), Augustin Krist (Czechoslovak football referee), Franz Beckenbauer (German sports official and association football player). * **Writers/Journalists:** Bonnie Garmus (American writer and copywriter), W. P. Kinsella (Canadian author), James Gordon Bennett Jr. (American publisher), L'Équipe (French sports newspaper), Julio Blanck (Argentine journalist), Grant Wahl (American sportswriter), Simon Hughes (English cricketer and journalist), Guillem Balagué (Spanish journalist). * **Other Roles:** Dan Millman (American self-help writer), Cristina Spínola (First Spaniard woman to make a world tour on bike), Annie Londonderry (American cyclist, world traveler), Jørgen Peter Müller (Danish gymnastics educator), Nikolai Fomenko (Russian entertainer and businessman), Grigory Rodchenkov (former Russian doping executive), José Benjamín Zubiaur (Argentine educator). ### Geographical Locations Associated with Sport Several towns and villages in the Czech Republic are mentioned in relation to sport, often through individuals or clubs: * Kladruby (village in Rokycany District) * Zbýšov (town) * Horní Cerekev (town) * Plesná (town) * Předměřice nad Labem (village in Hradec Králové District) * Lomnice nad Lužnicí (town) * Markvartovice (village) * Chýně (town) * Domažlice (town) * Kamenec u Poličky (village in Svitavy District) * Milovice (town) * Starý Bydžov (village in Hradec Králové District) * Nemyslovice (village in Mladá Boleslav District) * Lanškroun (town, inception: +1201-01-01T00:00:00Z) * Milevsko (town) * Lomnice nad Popelkou (town) * Holedeč (village in Louny District) * Jirkov (town) * Sedlnice (village in Nový Jičín District) * Radětice (village in Tábor District) * Kravsko (village in Znojmo District) * Bošice (village) * Chropyně (town) * Chodská Lhota (village in Domažlice District) * Lutopecny (village in Kroměříž District) * Vážany (village in Uherské Hradiště District) * Kamenice (small town in Jihlava District) * Přáslavice (village in Olomouc District) * Sentice (village in Brno-venkov District) * Popůvky (village in Brno-venkov District) * Smolotely (village in Příbram District) * Chabařovice (town) * Nové Město (village in Hradec Králové District) ### Other Related Entities * Bugatti Type 44 and Peugeot Type 173 are motor vehicles. * Ministry of Justice (ministry of the Swedish government, inception: +1840-01-01T00:00:00Z). * Ministry of Education (Albanian government ministry, inception: +1912-12-04T00:00:00Z). * KT Corporation (South Korean telecommunication service provider, inception: +1981-01-01T00:00:00Z). * SMAP (Japanese idol group, inception: +1988-04-00T00:00:00Z). * Fighter kite (kite used in the sport of kite fighting, country: Q889, Q155, Q902, Q668, Q252, Q837, Q881, Q884, Q869, Q843, Q298). ## References 1. Library of Congress Authorities 2. Nuovo soggettario 3. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013 4. [Nuovo soggettario](https://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=467) 5. [Registros de autoridad de "Materia" de la Biblioteca Nacional de España. Spain open data portal](https://www.bne.es/media/datosgob/catalogo-autoridades/materia/materia-UTF8.zip) 6. Library of Congress Subject Headings 7. [Library of Congress Linked Data Service](http://id.loc.gov/authorities/classification/GV561-GV1198.995) 8. [Source](http://mappings.dbpedia.org/index.php/OntologyClass:Sport) 9. YSO-Wikidata mapping project 10. [#sports - Twitter Search / Twitter](https://twitter.com/hashtag/sports?src=hashtag_click) 11. BabelNet 12. [Worcester players left in limbo on their futures after confusion over contracts | Worcester | The Guardian](https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/sep/28/worcester-players-left-in-limbo-on-their-futures-after-confusion-over-contracts) 13. Quora 14. American Folklore Society Ethnographic Thesaurus 15. General Finnish Ontology 16. Medical Subject Headings 17. [Source](https://golden.com/wiki/Sport-YV9) 18. National Library of Israel 19. CC 6 20. KBpedia 21. YouTube API 22. GF WordNet 23. [ITV News : The Latest Sport News](https://www.itv.com/news/topic/sport)