# Soyuz TM-34

> flight of a Russian Sojus-Spaceship to the ISS

**Wikidata**: [Q921112](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q921112)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_TM-34)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/soyuz-tm-34

## Summary

Soyuz TM-34 is a spacecraft of the Soyuz-TM type [1]. It was launched as part of the Soyuz program to transport crew and supplies to the International Space Station. The mission included docking with the station and returning crew members to Earth. [1]

## Summary
Soyuz TM-34 was a Russian spacecraft mission to the International Space Station launched on April 25, 2002. It served as a crew transportation vehicle for ISS operations and carried Mark Shuttleworth, the second self-funded space visitor to the station.

## Key Facts
- Soyuz TM-34 was launched on April 25, 2002, and landed on November 10, 2002
- It was a Soyuz-TM spacecraft, the fourth generation of Soyuz spacecraft
- The mission lasted 17,170,665 seconds (approximately 198 days) and completed 3,235 orbits
- It used a Soyuz-U launch vehicle from Baikonur Cosmodrome's Gagarin's Start
- The crew at launch included Yuri Guidzenko (commander), Roberto Vittori (Flight Engineer 1), and Mark Shuttleworth (private astronaut)
- At landing, the crew consisted of Sergei Zalyotin (commander), Frank De Winne (Flight Engineer 1), and Yury Lonchakov (Flight Engineer 2)
- Soyuz TM-34 orbited Earth at an altitude between 193 km and 247 km with an orbital inclination of 51.64 degrees
- It was operated by Roscosmos State Corporation and had the call sign "Uran"
- The spacecraft followed Soyuz TM-33 and was followed by Soyuz TMA-1

## FAQs
### Q: When did Soyuz TM-34 launch and land?
A: Soyuz TM-34 launched on April 25, 2002, and landed on November 10, 2002.

### Q: Who were the crew members of Soyuz TM-34?
A: During launch, the crew consisted of Yuri Guidzenko (commander), Roberto Vittori (Flight Engineer 1), and Mark Shuttleworth (private astronaut). During landing, the crew was Sergei Zalyotin (commander), Frank De Winne (Flight Engineer 1), and Yury Lonchakov (Flight Engineer 2).

### Q: What was the significance of Soyuz TM-34?
A: Soyuz TM-34 was a Russian spacecraft mission to the International Space Station, continuing Russia's participation in ISS operations and serving as a crew rotation vehicle. It carried Mark Shuttleworth, the second self-funded space tourist.

### Q: How long was the Soyuz TM-34 mission?
A: The Soyuz TM-34 mission lasted 17,170,665 seconds (approximately 198 days) and completed 3,235 orbits around Earth.

## Why It Matters
Soyuz TM-34 represents an important milestone in the ongoing collaboration on the International Space Station. It served as a crew transportation vehicle for both ISS operations and cargo delivery, ensuring the continuous presence of humans in space. The mission was particularly notable for carrying Mark Shuttleworth, the second self-funded space tourist, demonstrating the growing commercial interest in space travel. As part of the Soyuz program, it continued Russia's long history of human spaceflight and contributed to international cooperation in space exploration.

## Notable For
1. Being part of the fourth generation Soyuz spacecraft (Soyuz-TM)
2. Carrying the second self-funded space visitor to the ISS (Mark Shuttleworth)
3. Completing 3,235 orbits around Earth during its mission
4. Using the Soyuz-U launch vehicle variant
5. Operating with a duration of nearly 198 days

## Body
### Mission Overview
Soyuz TM-34 was a human spaceflight mission to the International Space Station as part of the Soyuz program. The spacecraft was launched on April 25, 2002, and landed on November 10, 2002, after a mission duration of 17,170,665 seconds (approximately 198 days).

### Spacecraft and Launch
- Soyuz TM-34 was a Soyuz-TM spacecraft, representing the fourth generation of Soyuz spacecraft
- It was launched using a Soyuz-U rocket variant from Baikonur Cosmodrome's Gagarin's Start
- The launch vehicle is part of the Universal family of Soyuz rockets
- The spacecraft had the call sign "Uran" and COSPAR ID 2002-020A

### Orbital Parameters
- The spacecraft completed 3,235 orbits around Earth during its mission
- Orbital period: 88.6 minutes
- Apoapsis: 247 km above Earth
- Periapsis: 193 km above Earth
- Orbital inclination: 51.64 degrees
- The spacecraft operated in low Earth orbit

### Crew Composition
The Soyuz TM-34 mission featured different crews for launch and landing:

**Launch Crew (April 25, 2002):**
- Yuri Guidzenko (Spacecraft Commander)
- Roberto Vittori (Flight Engineer 1)
- Mark Shuttleworth (Private Astronaut)

**Landing Crew (November 10, 2002):**
- Sergei Zalyotin (Spacecraft Commander)
- Frank De Winne (Flight Engineer 1)
- Yury Lonchakov (Flight Engineer 2)

### Mission Significance
- Carried Mark Shuttleworth, the second self-funded visitor to the International Space Station
- Maintained Russia's continuous presence on the ISS
- Demonstrated commercial potential for space tourism
- Contributed to international cooperation in space exploration
- Continued the legacy of the Soyuz program in human spaceflight

### Operational Details
- Part of the Soyuz program
- Follows Soyuz TM-33 and was followed by Soyuz TMA-1
- Manufactured by S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia
- Operated by Roscosmos State Corporation
- The spacecraft docked with the ISS on April 27, 2002
- Landed in Kazakhstan on November 10, 2002

## Schema Markup
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  "@type": "Thing",
  "name": "Soyuz TM-34",
  "description": "A Russian Soyuz spacecraft flight to the International Space Station launched on April 25, 2002",
  "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_TM-34",
  "sameAs": [
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## References

1. Jonathan's Space Report
2. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
3. [Source](http://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/soyuz-tm-34.htm)