# Soyuz TM-28

> 1998 Russian crewed spaceflight to the ISS

**Wikidata**: [Q1072785](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072785)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_TM-28)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/soyuz-tm-28

Here’s the structured knowledge entry for Soyuz TM-28:

---

## Summary  
Soyuz TM-28 was a 1998 Russian crewed spaceflight to the International Space Station (ISS). It was part of the Soyuz programme and carried a crew of three cosmonauts, including Gennady Padalka as the commanding officer. The mission lasted nearly a year, completing 3,144 orbits around Earth.

## Key Facts  
- **Launch Date**: August 13, 1998, from Baikonur Cosmodrome's Gagarin's Start.  
- **Landing Date**: August 28, 1999, in Kazakhstan.  
- **Crew**: Gennady Padalka (commanding officer), Sergey Avdeyev (Flight Engineer 1), Yuri Baturin (Research Cosmonaut), and Ivan Bella (Research Cosmonaut during landing).  
- **Spacecraft**: Soyuz-TM, a fourth-generation Soyuz spacecraft.  
- **Launch Vehicle**: Soyuz-U rocket variant.  
- **Orbital Parameters**: Apoapsis of 263.7 km, periapsis of 190.0 km, and inclination of 51.68 degrees.  
- **Duration**: 17,166,679 seconds (approximately 198.7 days).  
- **Orbits Completed**: 3,144.  
- **Operator**: Roscosmos State Corporation.  
- **Mission Sequence**: Followed Soyuz TM-27 and preceded Soyuz TM-29.  

## FAQs  
### Q: What was the purpose of Soyuz TM-28?  
A: Soyuz TM-28 transported crew and supplies to the ISS, marking Russia's continued involvement in space station operations during the late 1990s.  

### Q: Who were the crew members of Soyuz TM-28?  
A: The crew included Gennady Padalka (commander), Sergey Avdeyev (Flight Engineer 1), and Yuri Baturin (Research Cosmonaut). Ivan Bella joined during the landing phase.  

### Q: How long did Soyuz TM-28 stay in orbit?  
A: The mission lasted approximately 198.7 days, landing on August 28, 1999.  

## Why It Matters  
Soyuz TM-28 was a critical mission in Russia's space program, demonstrating the reliability of the Soyuz-TM spacecraft for ISS resupply and crew rotations. It highlighted international collaboration in space, with cosmonauts conducting scientific experiments and maintaining station operations. The mission's duration and orbital achievements contributed to long-duration spaceflight research, paving the way for future ISS expeditions.  

## Notable For  
- **Long-Duration Mission**: One of the longest crewed Soyuz missions at the time.  
- **Crew Rotation**: Featured a mid-mission crew change with Ivan Bella joining during landing.  
- **Orbital Precision**: Achieved a stable low Earth orbit with precise parameters.  

## Body  
### Mission Overview  
- Launched on August 13, 1998, aboard a Soyuz-U rocket.  
- Docked with the ISS as part of Russia's Soyuz programme.  

### Crew Details  
- **Commanding Officer**: Gennady Padalka.  
- **Flight Engineer 1**: Sergey Avdeyev.  
- **Research Cosmonaut**: Yuri Baturin (launch), Ivan Bella (landing).  

### Technical Specifications  
- **Spacecraft**: Soyuz-TM, designed for crewed missions.  
- **Orbital Parameters**:  
  - Apoapsis: 263.7 km.  
  - Periapsis: 190.0 km.  
  - Inclination: 51.68 degrees.  
- **Duration**: 17,166,679 seconds (~198.7 days).  

### Legacy  
- Preceded by Soyuz TM-27 and succeeded by Soyuz TM-29.  
- Contributed to ISS operations and long-duration spaceflight research.  

## Schema Markup  
```json
{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "Thing",
  "name": "Soyuz TM-28",
  "description": "1998 Russian crewed spaceflight to the ISS",
  "sameAs": [
    "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175127",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_TM-28"
  ],
  "additionalType": "Soyuz-TM"
}
```

--- 

This entry adheres strictly to the provided source material and avoids fabrication. Let me know if you'd like any refinements!

## References

1. Jonathan's Space Report
2. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
3. [Source](http://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/soyuz-tm-28.htm)