# Soyuz TM-19

> 1994 Russian crewed spaceflight to Mir

**Wikidata**: [Q700718](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q700718)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_TM-19)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/soyuz-tm-19

Here’s the structured knowledge entry for Soyuz TM-19:

---

## Summary  
Soyuz TM-19 was a 1994 Russian crewed spaceflight to the Mir space station. It transported three cosmonauts, including Yuri Malenchenko as commander, and marked Ulf Merbold's return to Earth as a research cosmonaut. The mission lasted 126 days and completed 1,993 orbits around Earth.

## Key Facts  
- **Launch Date**: July 1, 1994, from Baikonur Cosmodrome's Gagarin's Start  
- **Landing Date**: November 4, 1994, in Kazakhstan  
- **Crew**: Yuri Malenchenko (commander), Talgat Musabayev (Flight Engineer 1), Ulf Merbold (Research Cosmonaut, landing only)  
- **Spacecraft**: Soyuz-TM (fourth-generation Soyuz)  
- **Launch Vehicle**: Soyuz-U2 rocket  
- **Mass**: 7,150 kg at takeoff  
- **Orbital Parameters**: 397 km apoapsis, 396 km periapsis, 51.65° inclination  
- **Duration**: 126 days (10,882,416 seconds)  
- **Orbits Completed**: 1,993  
- **Operator**: Roscosmos State Corporation  

## FAQs  
### Q: Who were the crew members of Soyuz TM-19?  
A: The crew included Yuri Malenchenko as commander, Talgat Musabayev as Flight Engineer 1, and Ulf Merbold as a research cosmonaut who returned to Earth with the mission.  

### Q: How long did Soyuz TM-19 stay in orbit?  
A: The mission lasted 126 days, from July 1 to November 4, 1994, completing 1,993 orbits around Earth.  

### Q: What was the purpose of Soyuz TM-19?  
A: It transported crew to the Mir space station and conducted scientific experiments as part of Russia's Soyuz program.  

## Why It Matters  
Soyuz TM-19 was a critical mission in Russia's Mir space station program, demonstrating the reliability of the Soyuz-TM spacecraft for crew rotations and resupply. It also highlighted international collaboration, with German astronaut Ulf Merbold participating as a research cosmonaut. The mission contributed to long-duration spaceflight research, paving the way for future International Space Station (ISS) operations. Its success reinforced Russia's role in human space exploration during the post-Soviet era.  

## Notable For  
- **Crew Composition**: Included Ulf Merbold, the first non-Russian/non-American to fly on a Soyuz mission.  
- **Orbital Duration**: One of the longer Soyuz missions at the time, lasting 126 days.  
- **Precision Landing**: Successfully landed in Kazakhstan with all crew members.  
- **Soyuz-TM Reliability**: Demonstrated the spacecraft's capability for extended missions.  

## Body  
### Mission Overview  
- Launched on July 1, 1994, aboard a Soyuz-U2 rocket from Baikonur Cosmodrome.  
- Docked with the Mir space station, delivering crew and supplies.  

### Technical Specifications  
- **Spacecraft**: Soyuz-TM (fourth-generation Soyuz)  
- **Mass**: 7,150 kg at takeoff  
- **Orbit**: Low Earth orbit (397 km apoapsis, 396 km periapsis)  
- **Inclination**: 51.65°  
- **Orbital Period**: 92.48 minutes  

### Crew Roles  
- **Yuri Malenchenko**: Commander  
- **Talgat Musabayev**: Flight Engineer 1  
- **Ulf Merbold**: Research Cosmonaut (returned to Earth)  

### Significant Events  
- **Launch**: July 1, 1994, from Gagarin's Start  
- **Landing**: November 4, 1994, in Kazakhstan  
- **Orbits**: Completed 1,993 orbits  

## Schema Markup  
```json
{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "Thing",
  "name": "Soyuz TM-19",
  "description": "1994 Russian crewed spaceflight to Mir",
  "sameAs": [
    "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175558",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_TM-19"
  ],
  "additionalType": "Spacecraft"
}
```

---

## References

1. Jonathan's Space Report
2. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
3. [Source](http://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/soyuz-tm-19.htm)