# Solving combinatorial bi-level optimization problems using multiple populations and migration schemes

> Research article (Operational Research, 2021) · cited 19× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W3119102489](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W3119102489)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/solving-combinatorial-bi-level-optimization-problems-using-multiple-populations-and-migration-schemes