# Ship Formation and Route Optimization Design Based on Improved PSO and D-P Algorithm

> Research article (IEEE Access, 2025) · cited 25× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4406015589](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4406015589)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/ship-formation-and-route-optimization-design-based-on-improved-pso-and-d-p-algorithm