# Shimon Peres

> Israeli politician (1923–2016) –Former President of Israel (2007–2014) and Prime Minister of Israel (1977, 1984–1986, 1995–1996)

**Wikidata**: [Q57410](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57410)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimon_Peres)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/shimon-peres

## Summary
Shimon Peres was an Israeli politician who served as the ninth President of Israel (2007–2014) and Prime Minister of Israel during three separate terms (1977, 1984–1986, 1995–1996). A Nobel Peace Prize laureate, he is best known for his decades-long influence on Israeli politics and his role in founding the Israel Aerospace Industries Ltd.

## Biography
- **Born**: August 2, 1923
- **Died**: September 28, 2016
- **Nationality**: Israeli (formerly Second Polish Republic)
- **Education**: Attended New York University, Harvard University, and The New School.
- **Known for**: Serving as President and Prime Minister of Israel; co-founding Israel Aerospace Industries Ltd.
- **Employer(s)**: Government of Israel (various ministerial roles), Mossad (affiliated).
- **Field(s)**: Politics, Writing, Poetry, Defense Industry.

## Contributions
Shimon Peres co-founded Israel Aerospace Industries Ltd (IAI) in 1953 alongside Al Schwimmer. IAI became a key aerospace and defense manufacturer, developing aircraft such as the Kfir fighter jet family, the Arrow anti-ballistic missile system, and the Ofeq series of reconnaissance satellites. He also founded the Peres Center for Peace & Innovation in 1996 to promote peace and technological advancement. As a writer and poet, he contributed to literary works, though specific titles are not detailed in the source.

## FAQs
**What were Shimon Peres's key political roles?**
Shimon Peres served as the President of Israel from 2007 to 2014 and as Prime Minister of Israel in 1977, 1984–1986, and 1995–1996. He also held various ministerial positions, including roles as a minister in the government.

**What awards did Shimon Peres receive?**
He received the Nobel Peace Prize, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Congressional Gold Medal, the Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize, and the Philadelphia Liberty Medal, among numerous other international honors and honorary doctorates.

**What was Shimon Peres's role in the defense industry?**
He co-founded Israel Aerospace Industries Ltd in 1953, which developed major defense technologies like the Kfir fighter jets and Arrow missiles. He was also affiliated with the Mossad intelligence agency.

**Where did Shimon Peres receive his education?**
He was educated at or affiliated with New York University, Harvard University, and The New School.

## Why They Matter
Shimon Peres fundamentally shaped Israel's defense capabilities and political landscape. By co-founding Israel Aerospace Industries Ltd, he established a foundation for Israel's aerospace and defense technology sectors, leading to developments like the Arrow anti-ballistic missile system and the Ofeq satellites. His political career, spanning decades as Prime Minister and President, positioned him as a central figure in Israeli diplomacy and peace efforts, recognized globally through awards like the Nobel Peace Prize. His establishment of the Peres Center for Peace & Innovation further cemented his legacy in promoting regional stability and technological progress.

## Notable For
- Serving as President of Israel (2007–2014) and Prime Minister (1977, 1984–1986, 1995–1996).
- Co-founding Israel Aerospace Industries Ltd (IAI) in 1953.
- Receiving the Nobel Peace Prize.
- Receiving the U.S. Presidential Medal of Freedom and Congressional Gold Medal.
- Founding the Peres Center for Peace & Innovation.
- Holding the position of Minister in the Israeli government.
- Being recognized as a writer and poet.
- Receiving the Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize and Philadelphia Liberty Medal.
- Receiving honorary doctorates from institutions including the University of Liège, Bilkent University, University College London, and the University of Alcala.

## Body
### Early Life and Education
Shimon Peres was born Szymon Perski on August 2, 1923. He held citizenship in Israel, the Second Polish Republic, and Mandatory Palestine. His educational background includes studies at New York University, Harvard University, and The New School.

### Political Career
Peres held extensive political offices in Israel. He served as the 9th President of Israel from 2007 to 2014. His terms as Prime Minister of Israel occurred in 1977, 1984–1986, and 1995–1996. Additionally, he served as a minister, holding significant civil public office in the national government. He was also affiliated with the Mossad, Israel's national intelligence agency.

### Contributions to Defense and Industry
In 1953, Peres co-founded Israel Aerospace Industries Ltd (IAI) with Al Schwimmer. IAI grew into a major aerospace and defense manufacturer headquartered in Lod, Israel. Under its growth, IAI developed the Kfir fighter jet family, the Arrow anti-ballistic missile system, and the Ofeq series of reconnaissance satellites. The company also created unmanned systems such as the Harpy loitering munition, the Eitan unmanned reconnaissance aircraft, and the Guardium unmanned ground vehicle. IAI reported revenues of $2.65 billion and a net profit of $75 million in 2023, employing 16,500 people.

### Peace and Innovation Initiatives
Peres founded the Peres Center for Peace & Innovation in 1996. The organization, based in Israel, focuses on the promotion of peace and innovation. It employs approximately 72 people and serves as a non-profit organization.

### Awards and Honors
Throughout his life, Peres received numerous prestigious awards. These include the Nobel Peace Prize, the Presidential Medal of Freedom (joint-highest civilian award of the United States), and the Congressional Gold Medal. He was a recipient of the Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize, established by UNESCO in 1989, and the Philadelphia Liberty Medal. He received the Steiger Award (a German media award) and the Osgar award.

His international honors include the Order of the Sun of Peru, the Order of Stara Planina (Bulgaria), the Order for Merits to Lithuania, and the Order of Mono (Togolese order of chivalry). He was named a Commander and Knight of the Legion of Honour (France) and received the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria.

Peres was awarded honorary doctorates from multiple institutions, including the University of Liège, Bilkent University, University College London, the University of Alcala, Tours University, and the Moscow State Institute of International Relations. He received the Golden Plate Award from the American Academy of Achievement, the Freedom Award, the Solomon Bublick Award, and the Global Citizen Awards. He was also made an honorary citizen of Ashdod in 1986.

### Personal Life and Death
Shimon Peres passed away on September 28, 2016. He was survived by a legacy documented in various archives and biographical entries, including portrait photographs and signatures preserved in digital repositories.

## References

1. [הנשיא וראש הממשלה לשעבר שמעון פרס הלך לעולמו בגיל 93. Ynet](http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4227842,00.html)
2. BnF authorities
3. Davos 2014 Participant List
4. Integrated Authority File
5. Genealogics
6. [כל ממשלות ישראל. The Knesset](http://www.knesset.gov.il/govt/heb/GovtByMinistry.asp?ministry=17)
7. [כל ממשלות ישראל. The Knesset](http://www.knesset.gov.il/govt/heb/GovtByMinistry.asp?ministry=1)
8. [כל ממשלות ישראל. The Knesset](http://www.knesset.gov.il/govt/heb/GovtByMinistry.asp?RoleType=7)
9. [חה"כ שמעון פרס. The Knesset](http://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/heb/mk.asp?mk_individual_id_t=104)
10. Czech National Authority Database
11. [Source](http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1994/)
12. [Source](https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/)
13. [Source](https://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/reference/two_column_table/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom_Recipients.htm)
14. [Source](https://constitutioncenter.org/liberty-medal/recipients/king-hussein-shimon-peres)
15. [Source](https://achievement.org/achiever/shimon-peres/)
16. [Source](https://www.uah.es/es/conoce-la-uah/la-universidad/actos-academicos-e-institucionales/doctores-honoris-causa/SHIMON-PERES/)
17. [Honorary Doctorates. Moscow State Institute of International Relations](https://english.mgimo.ru/worldwide/doctorates)
18. [Source](https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/events/flagship-event/global-citizen-awards/previous-gca-recipients/)
19. [Source](https://ashdodnet.com/%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93/%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%98-%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A8-%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94-%D7%A2%D7%9C-%D7%A9%D7%9D-%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90-%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94-%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8-%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9F-%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A1-%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%9B%D7%94-%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93-%D7%95%D7%99%D7%93%D7%90%D7%95-476055)
20. [Journal officiel de la République française](http://legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000761647)
21. International Standard Name Identifier
22. Virtual International Authority File
23. CiNii Research
24. MusicBrainz
25. Find a Grave
26. filmportal.de
27. [Source](https://www.lemonde.fr/proche-orient/article/2016/09/28/shimon-peres-l-ancien-president-et-premier-ministre-israelien-est-mort_5004495_3218.html)
28. [Shimon Peres, former president and veteran Israeli statesman, dies at 93. The Jerusalem Post. 2016](http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Former-President-Peres-dies-at-93-467659)
29. [The New York Times. 2016](http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/28/world/middleeast/shimon-peres-dies-israel.html)
30. [Shimon Peres, the last of Israel’s founding fathers, dies at 93. The Times of Israel. 2016](http://www.timesofisrael.com/shimon-peres-the-last-of-israels-founding-fathers-dies-at-93/)
31. [Le Monde. 2016](https://www.lemonde.fr/proche-orient/article/2016/09/28/shimon-peres-l-ancien-president-et-premier-ministre-israelien-est-mort_5004495_3218.html)
32. Great Norwegian Encyclopedia
33. Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana
34. Roglo
35. AlKindi
36. Munzinger Personen
37. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
38. National Library of the Czech Republic
39. KB, nationale bibliotheek
40. Geni.com
41. National Library of Catalonia
42. Davos 2013 Participant List
43. Davos 2015 Participant List
44. Davos 2016 Participant List
45. Davos 2004 List of Participants
46. National and University Library in Zagreb
47. CONOR.SI
48. Autoritats UB
49. National Library of Greece
50. Treccani's Enciclopedia on line