# Sensorless direct torque control based on seven-level torque hysteresis controller for five-phase IPMSM using a sliding-mode observer

> Research article (Engineering Science and Technology an International Journal, 2021) · cited 25× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W3134926775](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W3134926775)  
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