# Sensor-less force-reflecting macro–micro telemanipulation systems by piezoelectric actuators

> Research article (ISA Transactions, 2016) · cited 28× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W2444598213](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W2444598213)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/sensor-less-force-reflecting-macromicro-telemanipulation-systems-by-piezoelectric-actuators