# security token

> peripheral device used to gain access to an electronically restricted resource

**Wikidata**: [Q1335365](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_token)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/security-token

## Summary
A security token is a peripheral hardware device used to gain access to electronically restricted resources, typically through two-factor authentication (2FA). It serves as a physical authenticator, often in the form of a USB dongle, to enhance security beyond traditional passwords. Security tokens are commonly used in enterprise environments and online services to defend against phishing and unauthorized access.

## Key Facts
- A peripheral hardware device that attaches to a computer for input, output, storage, or communication.
- Primarily used for two-factor authentication (2FA) and Universal 2nd Factor (U2F) authentication.
- Often takes the form of a USB dongle or physical key.
- Examples include YubiKey (inception in 2007), Nitrokey, and Titan Security Key.
- Part of the broader category of hardware security devices.
- Differentiated from "token ring" and FIDO security keys.
- Aliases include hardware security key, cryptographic authenticator, and 2FA hardware token.
- Associated with hardware security modules and software tokens but operates as a distinct physical device.

## FAQs
### Q: What is the primary purpose of a security token?
A: The primary purpose of a security token is to provide an additional layer of security for accessing electronically restricted resources through two-factor authentication (2FA).

### Q: What types of security tokens are commonly used?
A: Common security tokens include USB dongles like YubiKey, Nitrokey, and Titan Security Key, which are used for multi-factor authentication.

### Q: How does a security token differ from a software token?
A: A security token is a physical hardware device, whereas a software token is a digital application or code that generates authentication codes.

### Q: Can security tokens be used for personal accounts?
A: Yes, security tokens are used for both personal and enterprise accounts to enhance security against phishing and unauthorized access.

### Q: What is the difference between a security token and a FIDO security key?
A: While both are used for authentication, a security token is a broader term that includes various hardware devices, whereas a FIDO security key specifically refers to devices compliant with the FIDO2 standard.

## Why It Matters
Security tokens play a critical role in cybersecurity by providing an additional layer of authentication beyond passwords. They are particularly valuable in defending against phishing attacks, where attackers may steal passwords but cannot replicate the physical token. By requiring both a password and a physical device, security tokens significantly reduce the risk of unauthorized access. They are widely adopted by enterprises, financial institutions, and government agencies to protect sensitive data and critical systems. The use of security tokens aligns with the principle of defense in depth, where multiple security measures are employed to safeguard resources. As cyber threats evolve, security tokens remain a reliable method for ensuring secure access to restricted systems.

## Notable For
- One of the first widely adopted hardware authentication devices, with YubiKey launching in 2007.
- Used in enterprise environments to prevent account takeovers from phishing attacks.
- Compatible with Universal 2nd Factor (U2F) and FIDO2 standards for modern authentication.
- Available in various forms, including USB dongles and physical keys.
- Differentiated from software tokens by its physical nature, offering enhanced security.

## Body
### Definition and Function
A security token is a hardware device that provides secure access to electronically restricted resources. It is typically used alongside a password for two-factor authentication (2FA), ensuring that users must possess both a physical device and knowledge of a password to gain access.

### Types and Examples
Security tokens come in various forms, including USB dongles and physical keys. Notable examples include:
- **YubiKey**: A product line of hardware authentication devices launched in 2007.
- **Nitrokey**: A German-based hardware authentication token.
- **Titan Security Key**: Designed to defend against phishing attacks.

### Standards and Compatibility
Security tokens are often compatible with standards such as Universal 2nd Factor (U2F) and FIDO2, ensuring broad adoption and interoperability across different platforms and services.

### Security Benefits
Security tokens enhance security by:
- Requiring physical possession of the device in addition to a password.
- Reducing the risk of phishing attacks, as attackers cannot replicate the physical token.
- Supporting multi-factor authentication (MFA) for added protection.

### Related Devices
Security tokens are related to other hardware authentication devices, including:
- **Canokey**: A hardware authentication device.
- **OneKey Pad**: Another hardware authentication solution.
- **Steam Game Server Login Token**: A specific use case for game server access.

### Historical Context
The concept of security tokens has evolved alongside advancements in cybersecurity. Early devices like YubiKey set the foundation for modern hardware authentication solutions, which are now integral to secure access management.

## Schema Markup
```json
{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "Thing",
  "name": "Security Token",
  "description": "A peripheral hardware device used for two-factor authentication to access electronically restricted resources.",
  "sameAs": [
    "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15241312",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_token"
  ],
  "additionalType": "HardwareSecurity"
}

## References

1. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
2. Quora
3. [OpenAlex](https://docs.openalex.org/download-snapshot/snapshot-data-format)