# science

> systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge, and the set of knowledge produced by this system

**Wikidata**: [Q336](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/science

## Summary
Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge, and it also refers to the set of knowledge produced by this system. It encompasses a wide range of disciplines including natural sciences, social sciences, and formal sciences. As an organized field of study, science plays a foundational role in understanding the natural world, society, and abstract systems.

## Key Facts
- Science is classified as a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge.
- Science is part of the broader category of knowledge and is closely related to epistemology, research, and scientific methodology.
- Science includes subfields such as natural science, social science, formal science, and applied science.
- Science is practiced through the scientific method, which involves constructing and testing hypotheses using mathematical and experimental techniques.
- Science is supported by institutions such as research institutes, learned societies, and academic journals.
- Science is part of the academic discipline grouping known as science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM).
- Science has a global presence with dedicated communities, educational programs, and research funding.
- Science is used in various fields such as medicine, technology, environmental studies, and policy-making.
- Science is distinct from pseudoscience and junk science, emphasizing empirical validation and peer review.
- Science is supported by organizations like the Royal Society, the Polish Academy of Sciences, and the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.
- Science is taught through formal education systems and informal science education initiatives.
- Science is documented through scientific literature, including journals like *Science* and *American Scientist*.
- Science is practiced by scientists, researchers, and educators across the globe.
- Science is influenced by scientific terminology, scientific knowledge, and scientific schools of thought.
- Science is also shaped by historical figures like Francis Bacon, who is considered a foundational figure in the development of the scientific method.

## FAQs
### What is science?
Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge. It involves the study of the natural world, society, and formal systems through observation, experimentation, and analysis.

### What are the main branches of science?
The main branches of science include natural science (e.g., physics, chemistry, biology), social science (e.g., psychology, sociology, economics), and formal science (e.g., mathematics, logic).

### How is science different from pseudoscience?
Science is based on empirical evidence, reproducibility, and peer review, while pseudoscience lacks these rigorous standards and often relies on unproven or disproven claims.

### What role does the scientific method play in science?
The scientific method is a structured approach to inquiry that involves observation, hypothesis formation, experimentation, and analysis. It is central to the practice of science.

### What organizations support science?
Science is supported by institutions such as the Royal Society, the Polish Academy of Sciences, the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, and the British Science Association.

### How is science funded and promoted?
Science is funded and promoted through government agencies, private foundations like the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and international organizations.

### What is the relationship between science and technology?
Science provides the foundational knowledge that informs technological development, while technology often enables new scientific discoveries through advanced tools and methods.

### What is the role of scientific literature?
Scientific literature serves as the primary medium for sharing research findings, theories, and methodologies, ensuring that scientific knowledge is preserved and accessible.

### How does science influence education?
Science education is supported through formal curricula, informal learning programs, and public engagement initiatives that aim to increase scientific literacy.

### What distinguishes science from other fields of study?
Science is distinguished by its reliance on empirical evidence, reproducibility, peer review, and the scientific method to validate knowledge.

## Why It Matters
Science is fundamental to understanding the natural world, improving human life, and solving global challenges. It provides the framework for evidence-based decision-making in fields such as medicine, engineering, environmental management, and technology development. By fostering critical thinking and systematic inquiry, science empowers societies to make informed choices, innovate responsibly, and address complex issues like climate change, disease, and sustainable development. It also plays a crucial role in shaping public policy, advancing education, and promoting global cooperation through shared methodologies and findings.

Science is not only a body of knowledge but also a process that encourages curiosity, skepticism, and open-mindedness. It drives progress by challenging assumptions, testing hypotheses, and refining theories based on evidence. The scientific community, composed of researchers, educators, and institutions, ensures that knowledge is rigorously validated and widely shared. This collaborative and self-correcting nature of science makes it a cornerstone of modern civilization, influencing everything from daily life to long-term planning.

## Notable For
- Its foundational role in the development of systematic knowledge and methodology.
- Its global influence through international collaboration and shared standards.
- Its impact on education, policy, and innovation.
- Its distinction from pseudoscience through the use of empirical methods and peer review.
- Its support for evidence-based decision-making in various sectors.
- Its role in advancing human understanding of the natural and social world.
- Its integration of diverse fields such as natural science, social science, and formal science.
- Its emphasis on reproducibility and peer review to ensure accuracy and reliability.

## Body
### Definition and Scope
Science is defined as a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge. It encompasses the study of the natural world (natural science), society (social science), and formal systems (formal science). It is practiced through the scientific method, which involves observation, hypothesis formation, experimentation, and analysis.

### History and Evolution
Science has evolved over centuries, with foundational contributions from figures like Francis Bacon, who is often credited with formalizing the scientific method. The development of science has been shaped by historical milestones such as the establishment of learned societies like the Royal Society (1660) and the Polish Academy of Sciences (1951). These institutions have played a crucial role in promoting scientific inquiry and collaboration.

### Disciplines and Fields
Science is divided into three main branches:
- **Natural Science**: Studies the natural world, including physics, chemistry, biology, and astronomy.
- **Social Science**: Focuses on society and human behavior, including psychology, sociology, and economics.
- **Formal Science**: Deals with abstract systems such as mathematics, logic, and theoretical computer science.

### Institutions and Organizations
Science is supported by a wide range of institutions, including:
- **Research Institutes**: Organizations dedicated to research, such as the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology and the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource.
- **Learned Societies**: Organizations like the Royal Society and the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina that promote scientific collaboration and recognition.
- **Academic Disciplines**: Science is integrated into academic education through programs in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM).

### Scientific Method and Knowledge
The scientific method is central to the practice of science. It involves:
- Observation and data collection.
- Hypothesis formation and testing.
- Experimentation and analysis.
- Peer review and validation.

Scientific knowledge is produced through this method and is characterized by reproducibility and peer review. It is documented in scientific literature, including journals like *Science* and *American Scientist*.

### Education and Outreach
Science education is promoted through:
- Formal curricula in schools and universities.
- Informal science education programs.
- Public engagement initiatives that aim to increase scientific literacy.

### Applications and Impact
Science has a broad impact on various fields:
- **Medicine**: Scientific research drives medical advancements and public health policies.
- **Technology**: Science provides the foundation for technological innovation.
- **Environmental Management**: Scientific understanding is crucial for addressing climate change and sustainability.
- **Policy-Making**: Evidence-based decision-making in government relies on scientific research.

### Notable Figures and Contributions
Science has been shaped by numerous notable figures, including:
- **Francis Bacon**: A foundational figure in the development of the scientific method.
- **Isaac Asimov**: Known for his contributions to science communication.
- **Claudia Sheinbaum**: A contemporary figure who has influenced science policy as President of Mexico.
- **Camillo Golgi**: A Nobel laureate who advanced medical science through his research.

### Scientific Literature and Communication
Scientific literature serves as the primary medium for sharing research findings, theories, and methodologies. It includes:
- Academic journals like *Science* and *American Scientist*.
- Books and essays that explore scientific concepts and debates.
- Conferences and symposia that facilitate knowledge exchange.

### Future Directions
Science continues to evolve with advancements in technology, interdisciplinary collaboration, and global challenges such as climate change and public health. It remains a dynamic field that adapts to new discoveries and societal needs, ensuring its relevance and impact across generations.

## References

1. Directory of Open Access Journals
2. [Source](https://lingualibre.org/wiki//Q391354)
3. Nuovo soggettario
4. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
5. [Registros de autoridad de "Materia" de la Biblioteca Nacional de España. Spain open data portal](https://www.bne.es/media/datosgob/catalogo-autoridades/materia/materia-UTF8.zip)
6. Integrated Authority File
7. Library of Congress Authorities
8. BBC Things
9. YSO-Wikidata mapping project
10. [Science Memes and Images - Imgur](https://imgur.com/t/science)
11. BabelNet
12. UMLS 2023
13. [Science | The Guardian](https://www.theguardian.com/science)
14. [Black holes ‘contain dark energy that drive expansion of universe’ | Science | The Guardian](https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/feb/15/black-holes-contain-dark-energy-that-drive-expansion-of-universe)
15. [Source](https://thenextweb.com/vocabulary/science/)
16. [Science - RationalWiki](https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Science)
17. FactGrid
18. CC 6
19. [SCIENCE latest news & coverage](https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/topic/science)
20. [About - mstdn.science](https://mstdn.science/about)
21. [Explore - A science community for science communication.](https://scicomm.xyz/explore)