# Scale Dependency and Downward Causation in Biology

> Research article (Philosophy of Science, 2018) · cited 22× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W2767914258](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W2767914258)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/scale-dependency-and-downward-causation-in-biology