# Rosa Parks

> civil rights activist

**Wikidata**: [Q41921](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41921)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Parks)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/rosa-parks

## Summary
Rosa Parks was an American civil rights activist and public figure known for her role in the civil rights movement and for opposing racial segregation. Source material identifies her as a human rights defender, political activist, and autobiographer who has been widely recognized with major national honors.

## Biography
- Nationality: United States
- Known for: Civil rights activism; opposition to racial segregation; participation in the civil rights movement
- Employer(s): Alabama State College (affiliated institution listed in source material)
- Field(s): Civil rights; activism; civil and political rights

## Contributions
- Activism and leadership: Identified in the source material as a civil rights activist and participant in the civil rights movement. The source links her work to activism against racial segregation and to advancing civil and political rights. No specific dates, named campaigns, or detailed organizational leadership roles are provided in the source material.
- Authorship: Listed as an autobiographer in the source material. No titles, publication years, or publisher details for any autobiography are provided in the supplied facts.
- Public recognition and legacy: The source material records multiple honors and institutional recognitions associated with her name (see Notable For). No patents, companies, technical standards, or named papers are provided in the source material.

## FAQs
Q: Who was Rosa Parks?
A: Rosa Parks was an American civil rights activist and public figure identified in the source material as a human rights defender, political activist, and autobiographer associated with the civil rights movement.

Q: What movement was she associated with?
A: She is associated with the civil rights movement and activism against racial segregation, and her work is framed in the context of civil and political rights.

Q: Where was she affiliated professionally or institutionally?
A: The source material lists Alabama State College (a public university in Montgomery, Alabama, founded in 1867) as an affiliated institution.

Q: What awards and honors did she receive according to the source?
A: The supplied material links her to multiple awards and recognitions, including the National Women’s Hall of Fame, Michigan Women’s Hall of Fame, Candace Award, Congressional Gold Medal, Presidential Medal of Freedom, Spingarn Medal, Golden Plate Award, International Freedom Conductor Award, and the Ellis Island Medal of Honor.

Q: Are there holidays or places named for her?
A: Yes. The source material includes Rosa Parks Day (an American holiday) and a Paris RER station named Gare Rosa-Parks.

Q: Did she publish an autobiography?
A: The source labels her as an autobiographer, but no specific autobiography title or publication date is provided in the material.

## Why They Matter
- The source material situates Rosa Parks as a central figure in American civil rights history through labels and associations: civil rights activist, human rights defender, political activist, and public figure. Those descriptors connect her work directly to the larger civil rights movement and efforts to dismantle racial segregation.
- Her recognition by major national honors (Congressional Gold Medal, Presidential Medal of Freedom, Spingarn Medal, and others) indicates broad institutional acknowledgment of her impact on civil and political rights in the United States.
- The existence of commemorations and place names (Rosa Parks Day, Gare Rosa-Parks) reflects cultural and international recognition of her symbolic role. These honors and namesakes extend her influence beyond activism into public memory and civic symbolism.
- Without her presence in historical records and the honors tied to her name, the symbolic and institutional recognition of activism against racial segregation captured in the provided material would be diminished; the lists of awards, halls of fame, and named public sites reflect the change attributed to her legacy in the source data.

## Notable For
- Identified primary role: Civil rights activist (wikidata_description: "civil rights activist").
- Recognized as a human rights defender, political activist, public figure, and autobiographer in the source material.
- Awards and honors listed in the source material: National Women’s Hall of Fame; Michigan Women’s Hall of Fame; Candace Award (leadership award given 1982–1992); Congressional Gold Medal; Presidential Medal of Freedom; Spingarn Medal; Golden Plate Award; International Freedom Conductor Award; Ellis Island Medal of Honor.
- Named commemorations and place associations in source material: Rosa Parks Day (American holiday); Gare Rosa-Parks (RER station in Paris).

## Body

### Identity and Titles
- Primary identification in source: civil rights activist.
- Additional descriptors provided: human; autobiographer; human rights defender; public figure; political activist.
- Aliases recorded in structured properties: Rosa "Lee" Louise McCauley Parks; Rosa Louise McCauley Parks; Rosa Louise McCauley; Rosa McCauley; Rosa McCauley Parks.
- Metadata entries from source: wikipedia_title — "Rosa Parks"; sitelink_count — 126; wikidata_description — "civil rights activist".

### Affiliations and Institutional Links
- Alabama State College: Listed under "Affiliated with" in the source. The institution is described as a public university in Montgomery, Alabama, United States, with inception year 1867 in the supplied facts.
- Alpha Kappa Alpha: Included among related entities in the source material as "Alpha Kappa Alpha — international historically African American collegiate sorority" with inception date 1908-01-15. The source lists it as a related item; no specific membership or role is stated for Rosa Parks in the provided facts.

### Movements and Areas of Work
- Civil rights movement: Cited in the related items as the movement with which she is associated. The source connects her to broader themes of civil rights, civil and political rights, and activism against racial segregation.
- Racial segregation: The source frames her activity in opposition to racial segregation as part of the civil and political rights context.
- Activism: The source groups her work under activism and political activism, tying her to efforts to make social and political change.

### Awards and Honors (detailed)
The source material lists the following recognitions connected to Rosa Parks:
- National Women’s Hall of Fame (inception 1969-03-10).
- Michigan Women’s Hall of Fame (inception 1987).
- Candace Award (leadership award given from 1982–1992).
- Congressional Gold Medal (award bestowed by the United States Congress; inception 1776).
- Presidential Medal of Freedom (inception 1963; highest civilian award bestowed by the U.S. President).
- Spingarn Medal (inception 1914; award for highest achievement of an American of African descent).
- Golden Plate Award (American Academy of Achievement; inception 1961).
- International Freedom Conductor Award.
- Ellis Island Medal of Honor (inception 1986).

No dates of receipt, citation texts, or awarding years are provided in the source material for these honors.

### Namesakes, Commemorations, and Cultural References
- Rosa Parks Day: Listed in related items as an American holiday in honor of the civil rights leader Rosa Parks.
- Gare Rosa-Parks: Included as a related thing; described as an RER station in Paris with inception 2015-12-13 in the source.
- Rosa (Doctor Who episode): Appears in the related items list as "Rosa — episode of Doctor Who (S11 E3)"; the source lists it among related cultural references.
- Interstate 96: Present in the related items as "Interstate 96 — Interstate Highway in southern Michigan, United States" with inception 1959. The source includes it among related entries.
- These items are listed in the source as related to or associated with Rosa Parks; the provided material does not supply explanatory text tying each namesake or reference to a specific action or naming decision.

### Related Concepts and Themes
- Civil and political rights: Identified in related entries as the sphere of rights relevant to her work.
- Human rights defender: The source includes this descriptor among related items.
- Public figure: The source lists her among public figures.
- Autobiographer: Her role as an autobiographer is included in the related items.

### Other Structured and Reference Data
- Sitelink and reference counts: sitelink_count recorded as 126 for Rosa Parks in the source structured properties.
- Key people in the source: Todd May — listed under "Key People" as an American political philosopher; included in the source connections though no direct relationship is specified in the supplied facts.

### Limits of the Provided Material
- The supplied source material does not provide birth or death dates, places of birth, education records, specific campaign names, dates of activism events, titles or publication dates of any autobiographical work, or precise years for her receipt of listed awards.
- No patents, companies founded, named papers, or technical standards attributed to Rosa Parks are included in the provided facts.

### Summary of All Connected Entities (as provided)
- Countries, organizations, awards, movements, and cultural items explicitly present in the source material and connected to Rosa Parks include: United States; human; autobiographer; human rights defender; public figure; political activist; Alpha Kappa Alpha (sorority); civil rights movement; civil and political rights; racial segregation; activism; civil rights; Interstate 96; Gare Rosa-Parks; Rosa (Doctor Who episode); Rosa Parks Day; National Women’s Hall of Fame; Michigan Women’s Hall of Fame; Candace Award; Congressional Gold Medal; Presidential Medal of Freedom; Spingarn Medal; Golden Plate Award; International Freedom Conductor Award; Ellis Island Medal of Honor; Alabama State College; Todd May.

This entry strictly reflects the information and connections supplied in the source material and does not add facts beyond what was provided.

## References

1. [Source](https://www.blackpast.org/childrens-page/rosa-parks-1913-2005/)
2. Integrated Authority File
3. [Source](http://www.nytimes.com/books/00/07/16/reviews/000716.16anderst.html)
4. [Source](http://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/02/national/02cnd-parks.html)
5. Find a Grave
6. BnF authorities
7. [Source](https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/parks-rosa)
8. Czech National Authority Database
9. [Source](http://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/02/national/thousands-pay-final-respects-to-rosa-parks-in-detroit.html)
10. [Source](https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/rosa-parks/)
11. [Source](http://www.michiganwomen.org/Images/Parks,%20Rosa.pdf)
12. [Source](http://www.awhf.org/inductee.html)
13. [Source](https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R47639)
14. Encyclopædia Britannica Online
15. Notable Black American Women
16. BlackPast.org
17. International Standard Name Identifier
18. Virtual International Authority File
19. CiNii Research
20. MusicBrainz
21. SNAC
22. Discogs
23. Brockhaus Enzyklopädie
24. Munzinger Personen
25. [Source](http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4973548&sourceCode=gaw)
26. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
27. [Source](https://www.agspak-buecher.de/G-Notz-Hg-Wegbereiterinnen-Beruehmte-und-zu-Unrecht-vergessene-Frauen-aus-der-Geschichte)
28. BBC Things
29. [Source](https://hedendaagsesieraden.nl/2024/08/04/coreen-simpson/)
30. The Movie Database
31. LIBRIS. 2018