# ROSA Linux

> Russian Linux distribution

**Wikidata**: [Q4048537](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4048537)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROSA_Linux)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/rosa-linux

## Summary
ROSA Linux is a Russian Linux distribution developed by LLC "STC IT ROSA" that serves as a desktop and server operating system. Initially released in December 2010, it is based on Mandriva Linux and utilizes the DNF package management system. The distribution is available in multiple languages, including Russian, English, German, and Spanish, and is licensed under the GNU General Public License version 2.0.

## Key Facts
- **Classification:** ROSA Linux is a Linux distribution and a subclass of the Linux operating system family.
- **Developer:** The operating system is developed by LLC "STC IT ROSA".
- **Origin:** It is based on Mandriva Linux, a distribution established in 1998.
- **Inception:** The project began on December 1, 2010, with the release of "ROSA 2010.2".
- **License:** The software is distributed under the GNU General Public License, version 2.0.
- **Package Management:** The system uses DNF for updates and package management.
- **Platforms:** Supported platforms include AArch64, Q272629, and Q182933.
- **Website:** The official website is https://rosa.ru/, which offers content in Russian, English, and German.
- **Versions:** Notable releases include Desktop Fresh R11 (released March 15, 2019) and Desktop Fresh R4 (released October 8, 2014).

## FAQs
### Q: What is ROSA Linux based on?
A: ROSA Linux is based on Mandriva Linux, a Linux distribution originally established in 1998. This lineage influences its package management and system architecture.

### Q: Who develops ROSA Linux?
A: The operating system is developed by LLC "STC IT ROSA". The project also maintains a presence on social media platforms like Twitter, Facebook, VK, and Telegram under names like ROSALaboratory and rosa_linux.

### Q: What package manager does ROSA Linux use?
A: ROSA Linux uses DNF (Dandified YUM) as its update method and package management system.

### Q: Is ROSA Linux available in English?
A: Yes, while it is a Russian distribution, the language of work or name supports Russian, English, French, German, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese.

## Why It Matters
ROSA Linux represents a significant effort in the development of independent Linux distributions within the Russian Federation. By creating a robust operating system based on the legacy of Mandriva Linux, LLC "STC IT ROSA" provides a localized yet globally accessible platform for desktop and enterprise users. Its existence offers an alternative to dominant Western operating systems, catering specifically to the linguistic and technical requirements of Russian-speaking users while maintaining compatibility with international standards through support for multiple languages and open-source licensing (GPL 2.0).

The distribution matters to the open-source community as it continues the lineage of Mandriva-style architectures while modernizing the user experience through the implementation of the DNF package manager and contemporary desktop environments like KDE Plasma 5. With active development spanning from 2010 to at least 2021 (based on available imagery and version history), ROSA Linux demonstrates sustained commitment to providing a "Fresh" desktop experience, bridging the gap between enterprise stability and modern user interface demands. Its availability on architectures like AArch64 also ensures its relevance in the evolving hardware landscape.

## Notable For
- **Russian Origin:** Distinguished as a prominent Linux distribution developed specifically within Russia.
- **Mandriva Heritage:** Notable for being a modern successor to Mandriva Linux, adapting its foundation for current hardware.
- **DNF Integration:** Utilizes the DNF package manager, aligning it with modern RPM-based distribution standards.
- **KDE Plasma Focus:** Identified prominently with the KDE Plasma 5 desktop environment in recent releases (e.g., Rosa Fresh 12).
- **LTS Lineage:** The naming convention (e.g., Rosa2012LTS) indicates a focus on Long Term Support versions for stability.

## Body

### Development and History
ROSA Linux was officially initiated on December 1, 2010, with the release of version "ROSA 2010.2". The project is developed by LLC "STC IT ROSA" and is classified as a Linux distribution, falling under the broader umbrella of the Linux family of Unix-like operating systems. The distribution draws heavily from Mandriva Linux, which was established on July 23, 1998.

### Technical Specifications
The operating system is licensed under the GNU General Public License, version 2.0. It employs DNF as its primary method for system updates and package management. The software supports a variety of hardware platforms, including AArch64, and is designed to run on specific architectures identified by platform IDs Q272629 and Q182933. The source code for the distribution is publicly accessible via the repository URL: `http://mirror.rosalab.ru/rosa/rosa2021.1/repository/SRPMS/`.

### Release Timeline
The development of ROSA Linux has been marked by a series of "Fresh" releases, indicating a rolling or semi-rolling update strategy for desktop users. Key release dates include:
- **2010:** ROSA Desktop 2010.2 (December 24)
- **2012:** ROSA Desktop.Fresh 2012 (December 21)
- **2013:** Desktop Fresh R1 (June 7) and R2 (December 5)
- **2014:** Desktop Fresh R3 (April 29) and R4 (October 8)
- **2016:** Desktop Fresh R7 (January 5)
- **2017:** Desktop Fresh R10 (December 6)
- **2019:** Desktop Fresh R11 (March 15)

### Media and Branding
The project maintains a visual identity represented by the ROSA Linux logo (established 2014). Screenshots of the operating system, such as "Rosa Fresh 12" from 2021, highlight the use of the KDE Plasma 5 desktop environment. The name "ROSA" is noted as being derived from the word "dew." The project maintains an active online presence through its website `rosa.ru` and various social media channels, including Twitter (`rosalaboratory`), Facebook (`ROSALaboratory`), VK (`rosa_linux`), and Telegram (`rosalinux`).

## References

1. [Source](https://web.archive.org/web/20140625061437/http://www.rosalab.ru)
2. [Source](http://www.linuxcenter.ru/news/2014/10/08/14793/)
3. [Source](http://www.linuxcenter.ru/news/2010/12/24/11790/)
4. [Source](http://www.linuxcenter.ru/news/2013/06/07/14204/)
5. [Source](http://www.linuxcenter.ru/news/2013/12/05/14539/)
6. [Source](http://www.linuxcenter.ru/news/2014/04/29/14731/)
7. [Source](http://www.linuxcenter.ru/news/2012/12/21/13839/)
8. [Source](http://www.rosalab.ru/blogs/rosa-desktop-fresh-kde-r6)
9. [2019](https://www.rosalinux.ru/2019/03/15/rosa-desktop-fresh-r11-itogovyj-reliz-domashnego-distributiva-na-osnove-platformy-2016-1/)
10. [2017](https://www.rosalinux.ru/2017/12/06/rosa-r10/)
11. [2019](https://www.rosalinux.ru/2019/06/07/novaya-platforma-dlya-rosa-enterprise-desktop/)
12. [Source](https://vk.com/wall-33847957_324119)
13. [Source](https://vk.com/wall-33847957_324949)
14. [Вышла ROSA Fresh 12.2!. VK. 2022](https://vk.com/wall-33847957_326486)
15. [Для тех, кто торопится увидеть релиз 12.3: первый образ пошел.. 2022](https://vk.com/wall-33847957_334495)
16. [Итак, сегодня вышел релиз ROSA Fresh 12.4!. 2023](https://vk.com/wall-33847957_339171)
17. [РОСА анонсирует новую версию бесплатной ОС для домашнего использования РОСА Фреш 12.5. 2024](https://rosa.ru/rosa-anonsiruet-novuyu-versiyu-besplatnoj-os-dlya-domashnego-ispolzovaniya-rosa-fresh-12-5/)
18. [Возможно, вы столкнулись с тем, что в релизе 12.5 неустойчиво работает или совсем не работает ваша сетевая карта Realtek?](https://vk.com/wall-33847957_349845)
19. [Доступен дистрибутив ROSA Fresh 13. OpenNet. 2025](https://opennet.ru/62819-rosa)
20. [НТЦ ИТ РОСА объявляет о выпуске ОС РОСА Фреш 13.1. 2025](https://rosa.ru/ntts-it-rosa-obieiavliaet-o-vypuske-os-rosa-fresh-13-1/)
21. [Source](http://www.peeep.us/e284cf42)
22. [Source](https://golden.com/wiki/ROSA_Linux-9WVMKG)